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Biol 104 Ch 4

Tour of the Cell

TermDefinition
nucleus control center of a Eukaryotic cell; contains DNA
ribosomes smallest organelle; site of protein synthesis
mitochondria site of cellular respiration, which creates ATP
Golgi apparatus (Golgi body) a stack of membranes that sorts and repackages products for transport/delivery/export
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane connected to nucleus that creates lipids, oils and steroids
lysosome membranous sac of enzymes for digesting macromolecules
chloroplast membranous stacks in plant cells; the site of photosynthesis
centrioles in animal cells only; organize the cytoskeleton's tubules for cell division
peroxisomes little membrane bubbles; contain an enzyme to break down peroxide.
cytoskeleton various size strands that support and compartmentalize the cell; rearranged and repurposed for cell division
cell membrane boundary of every cell that controls transfer in and out of the cell;
cell wall plant cells only; outermost boundary containing cellulose; holds shape & keeps it from breaking
cilia microtubules around the outside of a cell; help w/movement
flagella microtubule tail; help w/movement
food vacuole stores food until lysosome merges to digest the food
chlorophyll plant pigment that captures sun's energy during photosynthesis
vesicle generic membrane bubble within the cell; might have wastes, food, enzymes within it
Rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane system connected to nucleus with ribosomes for protein synthesis
cytoplasm watery environment inside the cell; contains dissolved salts, sugars
nucleolus area within the nucleus that makes ribosomal RNA
chromosomes condensed form of DNA that is ready for replication and cell division
chromatin long stringy uncondensed DNA when a cell is not dividing
prokaryote primitive simple cell without a nucleus or organelles
eukaryote Cell with a nucleus and many organelles
cell fractionation a technique used to separate cellular components by breaking apart cells, then centrifuging.
central vacuole large water vacuole that takes up a lot of the volume in a properly hydrated plant cell
endosymbiont theory primitive cells engulfed other cells, resulting in Eukaryotes with mitochondria, chloroplasts and other organelles.
microtubules hollow tubes that help a cell move, attach to chromosomes in cell division, and organize organelle movements (25 nm in diameter)
microfilaments consist of two strands of actin twisted together; help with cell movement, changes in shape, muscle contraction (7 nm in diameter)
intermediate filaments proteins coiled together; maintain cell shape, anchor some organelles; forms nuclear lamina (8-12 nm in diameter)
extracellular matrix the proteins and carbohydrates on the outer surface of animal cell membranes
plasmodesmata membrane lined channels of cytoplasm forming a connection through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells
tight junction continuous, leak proof protein seal between some animal cells
desmosomes keratin protein filaments form a strong connection between adjacent animal cells (like rivets)
gap junction cytoplasmic channels connecting adjacent animal cells
Created by: PRO Teacher etucci
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