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Bio: Prologue & Ch.1
Test- Thursday, September 18th, 2014
| what are new biology examples? | the environment, medicine, genetic engineering, bioethics of biotechnology, HGH |
| what are examples of new medicine in biology? | AIDS, AZT, HIV, continually evolves by mutations in DNA |
| AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome- rare infections become fatal |
| AZT | 1st drug to slow the reproduction of viruses and decreased the death rate |
| HIV | causative virus that attacks immune cells, similar to the flu virus such as H1N1 |
| what is genetic engineering? | manipulating DNA in cells to improve health or crops |
| HGH | controls growth and is made in a lab by inserting its DNA sequence into bacteria |
| theory | explains current observations and predicts new ones- the conclusion can be proven true after repeated experimentation. Ex. evolution |
| evolution | organisms change over time |
| when new data circulates from experiments, can scientific theories be amended or discarded? | both |
| pseudoscience | based on assumptions not verifiable by observation and experimentation |
| what is an example of pseudoscience? | Lamarack's theory of the inheritance of acquired traits (ex. inheriting muscles-later proven false by natural selection.) |
| natural selection | life evolves by survival and reproduction of organisms best suited to the environment by adaptations; theory made as he traveled on the ship The Beagle. Ex. Long neck of giraffes. |
| variations | small differences between members of a species that can be harmful or helpful (increase/decrease survival). Created by Darwin. |
| lamarack | theory of acquired characteristics being inherited; use/disuse theory (if you don't use it, you loose it).Theory was proven false after repeated trials. |
| explain the first 3 hypotheses of the origins of life (telescope, bang, earth formed) | - Evidence from the Hubble telescope proved the universe is expanding based on wavelengths of light from distant galaxies. - The Big Bang- Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago, based on rocks from the moon. |
| the big bang | Our universe is 15 billion years old when all of its condensed matter exploded, sending it into space where gravity pulled it into planets. |
| explain the middle 2 hypotheses of the origins of life (atmosphere, 1st life forms) | - Earth's atmosphere had CO2, H2O, H2, N2, and CO, but no O2. - The 1st life forms could have been a virus (DNA or RNA core with a protein coat), but they need a living host to survive so they couldn't be the 1st. |
| what is the best hypothesis for the origin of life? | It could have been a prokaryote (all bacteria- no nuclear membrane)- best hypothesis |
| methanegens | anaerobic (no O2 needed) bacteria that obtain energy from CO2+H2=CH4 |
| prokaryote | bacteria with no nuclear membrane & the earliest fossils 3.5 billion yrs. ago . Methanogens live in hydrothermal vents and hot springs in conditions similar to early earth. |
| eukaryote | higher life form than prokaryote w/ membrane bound organelles, plastids and mitochondria that appeared about 1.4 billion years ago |
| endosymbiosis hypothesis | eukaryote organelles could have evolved from prokaryotes |
| mitochondria | synthesize ATP from O2 in cellular respiration |
| plastids | synthesize ATP from light in photosynthesis |
| Darwin vs. Lamarak | Darwin- natural selection, survival of the fittest, mutation, variation; Lamarak- acquired characteristics being inherited, use/disuse theory |
Created by:
bridge656
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