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musculosketetal
Lpn fall 2008
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amphiarthrosis | Joints are slightly movable, such as the vertebrae & pelvic bones separated by fibrous cartilage. |
| Amputation | The removal of all or part of an extremity. Done in response to injuries resulting in extensive laceration of arteries of nerves, or diseases such as malignant tumors, infections, & peripheral vascular disorders. |
| Arthroplasty | The replacement of both articular surfaces w/in a joint capsule. Hip, knee, shoulder, & fingers are the joints most frequently replaced in this procedure. |
| Bruxism | Teeth clenching or grinding |
| Closed reduction | Repair of a fracture accomplished w/o surgical intervention. |
| Contracture | Permanent shortening of a muscle. |
| Crepitus | a grating or crackling sensation or sound. |
| Diarthrosis | Joints are freely movable joints such as the hinge (elbow, knee) ball & socket (hip, shoulder), pivot (skull & 1st vertebrae), gliding (wrist), & saddle (thumb). |
| Dislocation | Occurs when articular surfaces of a joint are no longer in contact. The bones are literally out of joint. |
| Fracture | A break in the continuity of a bone fractures occur when the forces from outside the body become greater than the strength of the bone, causing the bone to break. |
| Heberden’s nodes | Joint enlargement & characteristics hypertrophic spurs, in the terminal interphalangeal finger joints. |
| Kyphosis | (Hump back), seen as an increased roundness of the thoracic spinal curve. |
| Locomotor | Movement or the ability to move. |
| Lordosis | (Sway back), an exaggeration of the lumbar spine curvature as seen in pregnancy as a woman’s body adjusts to the center of gravity. |
| Open reduction | surgical procedure that enables the surgeon to reduce (repair) the fracture under direct visualization. |
| Orthopedics | Branch of medicine that deals w/ the prevention or correction of the disorders & diseases of the musculoskeletal system. |
| Osteoporosis | An increase in the porosity of bone. A common disorder in bone metabolism in which both mineral & protein matrix components are diminished & the bone becomes brittle & fragile. Increase in fractures of the hip, spine, & wrist. |
| Paresthesia | Numbness or tingling. |
| Phantom limb pain | sensation that there is pain, soreness, & stiffness in the amputated limb. Phantom pain will decrease as inflammation subsides at the incisional site. |
| Scoliosis | Lateral curving deviation (crooked back), seen most frequently in school age children & adolescents. |
| Sprain | An injury to ligaments surrounding a joint caused by a sudden twist, wrench, or fall. Symptoms include pain, edema, loss of motion, & ecchymosis. |
| Strain | An injury to a muscle or tendon due to overuse or overstretching, may be acute or chronic |
| Subluxation | A partial separation of an articular surface. |
| Synarthrosis | Joints are immovable, such as the suture line between the temporal & occipital bones of the skull. |
| Tophi | Which are subcutaneous nodular deposits of sodium urate crystals appearing in various parts of the body including the rim of the ears, the knuckles, & great toe. |
| Windowing | Cutting a hole in a plaster cast to relieve pressure on the skin or bony area & to permit visualization of the underlying body part. |
Created by:
posiniv
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