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Biology Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Theory | an explanation of a natural phenomena that is supported and accepted |
| Hypothesis | an idea |
| Cell Size | smallest units of life, come from other cells |
| Prokaryotic Cell | no internal membranes or nucleus, dna is circular |
| Eukaryotic Cell | has a nucleus and internal membranes |
| Surface to Volume Ratio | the more surface area a cell has, the more efficient it is |
| Organelle | internal membrane structure of the cell |
| Nucleus | holds the dna of the cell, is the " brain" of the cell |
| Mitochondria | "powerhouse" of the cell, produces ATP |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | rough and smooth structure that transports proteins across the cell |
| Ribosome | reads and translates the cells genetic code and produces protein |
| Golgi Apparatus | modifies, sorts, and packages proteins |
| Lysosome | "garbage disposal" of the cell, degrades products of ingestion and makes pH more acidic |
| Chloroplast | use photosynthesis to make ATP in plant cells |
| Vacuole | transport water and minerals throughout plant cells |
| Matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| Element | characterized by unique numbers of subatomic particles; substances that cannot be broken down into other substances |
| Compound | two or more elements bounded together to make a chemical substance |
| Atom | smallest unit of matter |
| Proton | positively charged particle of the atom |
| Neutron | neutrally charged particle of the atom |
| Electron | negatively charged particle of the atom |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom |
| Atomic Mass | the mass of an atom or an element |
| Energy Levels | possible locations around the atom where electrons have specific energy values may be found |
| Electron Shells | levels of energy in which electrons of an atom can be found |
| Valence Electrons | outermost electrons of atoms, involved in bonding |
| Chemical Bonds | the attractive forces that hold atoms together in elements or compounds |
| Covalent Bond | chemical bond formed by sharing one or more electron pairs between atoms, linked together by sharing valence electrons |
| Electronegativity | a number describing the attraction of an element for electrons in a chemical bond |
| Non-polar Covalent Bond | covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally |
| Polar Covalent Bond | covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally |
| Ionic | atoms linked together by the attraction of unlike charges |
| Cation | a positively charged ion |
| Anion | a negatively charges ion |
| Cohesion | waters property of being attracted to other water molecules by forming h-bonds |
| Adhesion | the force of attraction between unlike molecules; attraction between the surfaces of touching bodies |
| Surface Tension | the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimize surface area. |
| Solvent | the liquid in which solute is dissolved in to form a solution |
| Solute | the liquid dissolved in the solvent in order to form a solution |
| Hydrophilic | likes water; polar |
| Hydrophobic | doesn't like water; non-polar |
| Hydrogen Ion | [H*], represents acids in pH values |
| Hydroxide Ion | [OH*], represents bases in pH values |
| Acid | having a pH of less than 7 |
| Base | having a pH of more than 7 |
| Macromolecule | a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer |
| Polymer | large molecule with many repeated subunits |
| Monomer | a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer |
| Monosaccharide | one sugar/carb molecule |
| Disaccharide | compound of two sugar/carb molecules |
| Polysaccharide | compound of many sugar/carb molecules |
Created by:
jollygnt7
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