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Env Science Week 2
Week 2 Vocabulary for Environmental Science
Term | Definition |
---|---|
conservation | preserving, maintaining, & restoring something important, like our water and natural resources |
ecosystem | all the living & nonliving things in an area that interact in various ways with each other |
ecotone | the transitional/overlapping area between two ecosystems that might contain organisms common to both ecosystems |
biotic factors | living features of an ecosystem |
abiotic factors | nonliving features of an ecosystem |
population | group of individual organisms from the SAME SPECIES, living together in an area |
community | all of the different populations of species living together in an area |
biome | a group of similar or related ecosystems on earth; ex: deserts, tundra, tropical rain forests |
biosphere | the portion of earth that contains all of the living organisms |
habitat | the physical place or location where an organism lives |
niche | the role an organism plays in the environment (where does it eat, how does it eat, when does it eat, where does it live, etc.) |
biotic structure | the way living things work or fit together within an ecosystem |
trophic structure | how organisms feed on each other |
producers | also known as autotrophs; organisms that capture energy directly from the sun to make their own food (i.e. plants) |
consumers | organisms that get their energy by eating other organisms |
herbivore | plant eater |
carnivore | meat eater |
omnivore | eats both plants and meat |
decomposer/detritus feeder | feeds on dead material or waste; helps return nutrients back to the soil |
heterotroph | organism that cannot make its own food; consumers and decomposers are heterotrophs |
food chain | single pathway of energy, shows who eats whom |
food web | many interconnected food chains that show all the different interactions in an ecosystem |
energy pyramid | also known as an ecological pyramid; shows the amount of energy that moves from one trophic level to the next |
symbiosis | a close relationship between two different species that live & interact together |
predation | when a predator hunts and kills prey, usually for food |
competition | when two different organisms fight or compete for the same limited resource & both are usually harmed |
mutualism | symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit |
parasitism | symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits (parasite) and one organism is harmed (host) but not usually killed right away |
commensalism | symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not affected, good or bad |
matter | anything that has mass and takes up space; everything is made of matter! |
energy | the ability to do work, such as moving, growing, and metabolizing food sources |
work | applying a force over a distance (F x d) |
Law of Conservation of Matter | law that states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed, only recombined into new compounds |
1st Law of Thermodynamics | law that states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only converted into different forms |
2nd Law of Thermodynamics | law that states that as energy is converted into different forms, much of it is lost as heat instead of being usable |
biogeochemical cycles | cycling of materials such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water throughout the living & nonliving components of an ecosystem |
eutrophication | overgrowth & death of phytoplankton, which decreases oxygen levels in a body of water due to excess bacteria that feed on the dead phytoplankton |