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DHO Chapter 14-CK
Infection Control
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) | is caused by HIV and suppresses the immune system |
| aerobic | organisms that require oxygen to live |
| airborne precautions | are used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei. |
| anaerobic | organisms live and reproduce without oxygen |
| antisepsis | prevent or inhibit growth of pathogenic organisms but are not always effective against spores or viruses |
| asepsis | the absence of disease producing microorganisms or pathogens |
| autoclave | a piece of equipment that uses steam under pressure or gas to sterilize equipment and supplies |
| bacteria | simple one celled organisms that are round spherical shaped (Cocci) |
| bioterrorism | use of microorganisms or biologic agents as weapons to infect humans |
| causative agent | a pathogen such as a bacterium or virus that can cause a disease |
| cavitation | when bubbles strike the items being cleaned |
| chain of infection | how a disease spreads from one individual to another |
| clean | objects or parts of objects do not contain disease producing organisms |
| communicable disease | caused by a pathogenic organism that can be easily transmitted to others |
| contact precautions | must be followed for any patients known or suspetced to be infected with epidemiologically(capable of spreading rapidly from person to person0 |
| contaminated | organisms and pathogens are present |
| disinfection | this process destroys or kills pathogenic organisms, but not always effective against spores and viruses |
| droplet precautions | must be followed for a patient known or suspect to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle droplets expelled by coughing,sneezing,talking,orlauging |
| endogenous | the infection or disease originates within the body |
| epidemic | when the communicable disease is caused by a pathogenic organism that can be easily transmitted to others |
| exogenous | the infection or disease originates outside the body |
| fomites | objects contaminated with infectious material that contains the pathogens |
| fungi | simple plantlike organisms that live on dead organic matter |
| helminths | multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms or flukes |
| hepatitis b | serum hepatitis caused by the HBV virus and is transmitted by blood,serum,and other body secretions. it affects the liver |
| hepatitis c | caused by the hepatitis c virus is transmitted by blood and blood containing fluids. can cause serious liver damage |
| microorganism | a small living organism that is not visible to the naked eye |
| mode of tranmission | a way that the causative agent can be transmitted to another reservoir or host where it can live |
| nonpathogens | microorganisms that are beneficial to the body |
| nosocomial | one acquired by an individual in the health care facility and transmitted by healthcare workers to the patient |
| opportunistic | those that occur when the body's defenses are weak |
| pandemic | when the outbreak of disease occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a high proportion of the population |
| pathogens | microorganisms that cause infection and disease |
| personal protective equipment (PPE) | gloves,gowns,lab coats,masks,and face shields |
| portal of entry | a way for the causative agent to enter a new reservoir or host. |
| portal of exit | a way for the causative agent to escape from the reservoir in which it has been growing. |
| protective (reverse) isolation | method used to protect certain patients from organisms present in the enviornment |
| protozoa | one celled animal like organisms often found in decayed materials,animal or bird feces,insect bites,and contaminated water |
| reservoir | area where the causative agent can live |
| rickettsiae | parasitic microorganisms they cant live outside the cells of living organisms |
| standard precautions | rules developed by the CDC |
| sterile | free from all organisms both pathogenic and nonpathogenic |
| sterile field | a area that has been set up for sterile things |
| sterilization | process that destroys or kills all pathogenic organisms |
| susceptible host | a person likely to get an infection or disease |
| transmission-based isolation precautions | a technique for patients who have communicable diseases |
| ultrasonic | cleaning using sound waves |
| viruses | one of a large group of very small microorganisms,many of which cause disease |
| chemical disinfection | cold sterilization a few chemicals will kill spores and viruses, but these chemicals frequently require that instruments be submerged in the chemical for 10 or more hours |
Created by:
cierrakenerly
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