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Biology Ch 1
Chapter One Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Centriole | An animal cell structure composed of cylinders |
| Choroplast | Site of photosynthesis in plants and algea |
| Cytoplasm | Everything inside the cell, between plasma membrane and nucleus |
| Organelle | A membrane enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell |
| Endomembrane | The system of membranes within a cell that includes the nuclear envelope |
| Eukaryotic | A cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and other membrane bound organelles |
| Extra-cellular matrix | the substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded |
| Flagellum | a long whiplike cellular appendage for locomotion |
| Glycoproteins | a macromolecule consisting of one or more polypeptides linked to short chains of sugar |
| lysosome | a digestive organelle containing hydro lytic enzymes used to digest food and wastes |
| Prokaryotic | a cell with no nucleus |
| Robert Hooke | 1660: Simple lens microscope; first person to see cells |
| Antony van Leewenhoek | Introduced magnification to microscope |
| Archea | Domain of single cell micro-organisms |
| Bacteria | Domain of prokaryotic micro-organisms |
| Eukarya | Domain of those organisms whose cells have membranous organelles (including mitochondria and chloroplasts) |
| Biology | The scientific study of life |
| Biosphere | The global sum of all ecosystems and zones of life on earth |
| Cell | Basic structural, functional and biological unit of life |
| Eukaryotic cells | cell whose nucleus and organelles are wrapped in membranes |
| Evolution (adaptation) | Developmental change caused by pressure. A biological trait that exists and is linked to a past trait that enhances fitness. |
| Genes | Molecular unit of heredity of a living organism |
| Hypothesis | A testable theory set forth to explain the occurrence of some specified group of phenomena |
| Molecule | An electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
| Organ System | A biological system made up of a group of organs that work together to perform a certain task |
| Organism | A single living individual |
| Organs | A structure consisting of tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions |
| Populations | A group of the same species of organisms living in the same place and time |
| Prokaryotic cells | single cell organism without a membrane bound nucleus |
| theory | A hypothesis that has been tested multiple times and yielded similar results |
| Tissues | Collection of specialized cells that function in a coordinated fashion |
| Macro | Large |
| Mono | Single |
| -mer | part |
| -philos | loving |
| -phobos | fearing |
| poly | many |
| quatr | four |
| tert | three |
| Acid | has a pH less than 7 (+H) |
| Alkaline | (base) has a pH greater than 7 (-OH) |
| Adhesion | the tendency to form hydrogen bonds with other substances |
| aqueous solution | a solution in which the solvent is water (salt water) |
| Atom | basic unit of matter composed of protons, neutrons and electrons |
| Atomic mass | the average mass of all isotopes of the element |
| atomic number | the number of protons in an atom's nucleus |
| Chemical Bond | attractive force that holds atoms together |
| chemical reaction | interaction in which bonds break and new bonds form |
| cohesion | the attraction of water molecules to one another |
| compound | a molecule including different elements |
| electron | negatively charged sub-atomic particle; orbits the atoms nucleus |
| electron shell | location of orbiting electrons outside the nucleus of an atom |
| element | pure substance consisting of atoms containing a characteristic number of protons |
| evaporative cooling | Cooling through evaporation. The most common example we all experience is perspiration, or sweat. |
| heat | energy loss |
| hydrogen bond | weak chemical bond between opposite partial charges on two molecules or within one large molecule |
| ion | a charged particle |
| Ionic bond | attraction between oppositely charged ions. One element loses and electron to which the other element gains an electron. |
| isotope | the different forms of a single element, dictated by differentiating numbers of neutrons |
| mass number | total number of protons and neutrons in nucleus |
| matter | anything that takes up space: liquid, solid or gas |
| molecule | 2 or more of the SAME element |
| neutron | neutral subatomic particle |
| nucleus | the protons and neutrons comprise the nucleus of an atom |
| pH scale | gauges how acidic or how basic a solution is |
| polar molecule | water |
| product | the outcome of a chemical reaction |
| proton | positively charged subatomic particle |
| radioactive isotope | an atom that emits particles or rays as its nucleus disintigrates |
Created by:
schipman
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