Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ES 03 Minerals
Earth Science terms related to minerals and their identification.
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| any of the (native) elements or compounds that make up Earth | mineral |
| 5 mineral characteristics: they are _?_, not manmade | natural |
| inorganic | 5 mineral characteristics: never living so they are _?_ |
| 5 mineral characteristics: have definite shape/volume so they are _?_ | solid |
| 5 mineral characteristics: orderly structure so they can form _?_ | crystals (are crystalline) |
| 5 mineral characteristics: not a mixture, but have a definite (set) _?_ | specific composition |
| unit cell: simplest...all sides same length, 90 degree angles (ex: halite) | cubic |
| unit cell: square on end, longer (or shorter) side...like saltine cracker box | tetragonal |
| unit cell: six-sided...like a wooden pencil (ex: quartz) | hexagonal |
| unit cell: 90 angles, all dimensions different...like a cereal box | orthorhombic |
| unit cell: 'leans' in either one (mono-) or three(tri-) directions... (ex: calcite) | -clinic |
| formation of minerals from cooling molten rock | crystallization |
| molten rock below Earth's surface | magma |
| molten rock that has poured out onto Earth's surface | lava |
| formation of minerals from once-dissolved substances when the water evaporates (often in caves) | precipitation |
| these factors can cause minerals such as diamonds to form deep inside earth | heat and pressure |
| a very hot water solution from which minerals can form when it cools (Mr. O's geode bookend example formed by this process) | hydrothermal solution |
| #1 element in Earth's crust | oxygen |
| #2 element in Earth's crust | silicon |
| most important mineral group, usually containing the SiO4 tetrahedral structure (ex: quartz, feldspar) | silicates |
| second largest mineral group, containing the CO3 structure (ex: calcite) | carbonates |
| mineral group containing metals combined with oxygen (ex: hematite, Fe2O3) | oxides |
| mineral group containing the SO4 structure (ex: anhydrite, barite) | sulfates |
| mineral group that contains most metal ores, often formed in low oxygen environments (ex: pyrite - FeS, galena - PbS) | sulfides |
| mineral group that contains metals combined with group 17 (halogens) elements | halides |
| meaning 'salt halogens | former', it is the name for group 17 on the periodic table |
| mineral group composed of naturally-occurring pure elements | native elements |
| property of minerals that is LEAST useful in identifying them | color |
| color of powdered form of a mineral (when rubbed on unglazed porcelain tile) | streak |
| the way light reflects from a mineral's surface (metallic or nonmetallic... many adjective) | luster |
| luster that is 'the look of glass' or 'glassy | vitreous |
| tendency of mineral to break along flat surfaces | cleavage |
| tendency of mineral to break into irregular pieces (patterns sometimes still occur... ex: conchoidal!!!) | fracture |
| resistance of a mineral to being scratched | hardness |
| rates the hardness of a mineral from 1 - 10 | Mohs scale |
| hardest known mineral (10 on Mohs scale) | diamond |
| softest mineral (1 on Mohs scale), feels "soapy" | talc |
| mass per unit volume (m/V) of matter in a mineral (also called 'specific gravity') | density |
| density (specific gravity) of water | 1 g/mL (sp. grav = 1) |
| occurs when a mineral glows in the presence of ultraviolet light; fluorite is a mineral that exhibits this unusual property | fluorescence |
| when a drop of this substance is placed on some carbonate minerals, they fizz (due to carbon dioxide bubbles being formed) | acid |
| the unusual property of the mineral calcite that causes it to bend and split light so words/objects, when viewed through it, appear as 2 images | double refraction |
| when trying to classify a mineral into a mineral group based on its formula, the part of the formula that is most useful for this | second half of formula |
| Moh's scale hardness for a fingernail | 2.5 |
| Moh's scale hardness for a penny | 3.5 |
| Moh's scale hardness for glass | 5.5 |
| fracture pattern of concentric curves/ripples looking like a mussel shell (same as how glass usually chips) | conchoidal |
| technique for finding the volume of an irregular shaped object such as a mineral sample by dipping it in water and catching the overflow | water displacement |
| semi- or precious stone, cut, shaped, and polished | gem |
| a gem that has been set into metal to be worn (bracelet, necklace, etc) | jewel |
Created by:
goakley
Popular Earth Science sets