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Mr. Wills Holt 3.1+2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom | smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means. |
| proton | the positive particles found in the nucleus of an atom |
| electron | the negative particles found orbiting the nucleus |
| neutron | a particle found in the nucleus of an atom that has no charge |
| valence electrons | electrons in the outermost energy level (shell). Atoms prefer to have eight valence e-. |
| electron cloud | area around the nucleus that electron are likely to be found |
| element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into a simpler substance by chemical means |
| isotope | an atom of an element that has a different number of neutrons |
| chemical bond | a force that holds atoms together; either covalent, ionic or hydrogen bonds |
| molecule | when two or more atoms are held together by covalent bonds |
| Covalent bonding | when two atoms share electrons in such a way that all atoms have eight valence electrons forming the strongest bonds. Ex water. This bond is between atoms. |
| Ionic Bonding | when an atom gives up or gains an electron to develop an electrical charge. Ex. NaCl Works similar to a magnet. This bond is between atoms. |
| Polar molecules | molecules that have unequal charges. One side is more – or +. Ex. H2O, The weakest type of bond. This bond is between molecules. Polar molecules can dissolve in water. |
| Solubility | the ability to dissolve in a fluid |
| Dissolve | to break down into the smallest parts |
| Cohesion | the attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| Adhesion | the attraction between different molecules of different substances |
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture through out which two or more substances are equally spread |
| pH | scale to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance |
| ion | a molecule that is missing or has an extra electron |
| What r 4 unique properties of H2O? | floats, absorbs/retains heat, cohesion to polar molecules, adhesion to polar molecules |
| acid | a substance that gives off hydronium ions when dissolved. H+. pH 0-6.9 |
| base | a substance that gives off hydroxide ions when dissolved. OH-. pH 7.1-14 Ex. Lemon juice |
| neutral pH | pH of 7 Ex. Pure water |
| buffer | a substance that neutralizes both acids and bases ex. Coral Reefs |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| hydronium ion | H+ ion forms acids when released in a solution |
| hydroxide ion | OH- ion that forms bases when found in solution |
| NaCl | Salt example of an ionic bond/compound |
| H2O | water best example of a covalent bond/molecule |
| hydrogen bond | force of attraction between water molecules caused by partial charges |
| attract | when two particles are drawn together |
| repel | when two particles/atoms are forced apart |
| organic molecule/chemistry | having to do with the chemistry of life processes |
| inorganic molecule/chemistry | having to do with the chemistry of things not involved in life processes |
| CHNOPS | The most common elements found in living organisms. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphate, and Sulfur |
| stable atom | an atom that has its valence electron shell filled. |
| nonpolar | a substance is not polar and will not dissolve in water. |
Created by:
mrwillsshs
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