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Biology Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plasma Membrane _____ the cell from its _______ | separates, environment |
| Plasma Membrane allows for ______ between cell and ______ | environment |
| Plasma Membrane is selectively _______ | permeable |
| _______ Transport requires no ________ | Passive, energy |
| Three types of passive transport: ______, ______ ______, and ______ | diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis |
| Active Transport requires the use of ________ ________ | cellular energy |
| ATP is the ____ molecule | energy |
| Passive Transport-Diffusion-Moves from an area of ______ concentration to an area of _______ concentration | higher, lower |
| Facilitated Diffusion- Specific _______ in plasma membrane to move materials across membrane | protein |
| Osmosis type of diffusion that involves movement of ______ not moving solute, moving water: higher concentration water-lower | water |
| Active transportation-lower solute up concentration gradient to higher _________ | concentration |
| Oxygen, and C.D> able to easily _____ across bi-lipid area | diffuse |
| ________ ________- specific transport proteins allow some substances to move across membrane | facilitated diffusion |
| Glucose-the ____ of the cell, will diffuse across cell membrane on its own, but very slow, so uses ________ __________ ________ times faster | fuel, facilitated diffusion, 50,000 times |
| ___ so small it moves across cell membrane whether it's wanted or not. | DDT |
| Molecules will continue to diffuse until ___ amount on both sides | even |
| Three terms for types of solutions: _______ solution, ________ solution, and _________ solution | Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic |
| Isotonic Solution means: | The percent of solute outside the cell is the same as inside the cell-water outside 90% and water moves in and out equally |
| Hypotonic solution means: | Less solute outside the cell than inside the cell-more water outside the cell |
| Hypertonic solution means: | More solute outside the cell than we have inside-less water outside the cell-water leaves the cell |
| Animal Cells like _______ solutions | isotonic |
| Plant cells do not like _______ solutions | isotonic |
| Hypotonic solution-not good for _____ cells, cell could burst | animal |
| Plants prefer _______ solution | hypotonic |
| Plants cell do not ______ because of cell walls and ______ pressure | turgid |
| Hypertonic solution (lose water) not good for ______ or ______ cells | plant, animal |
| Some plants have a ____ coating on their leaves, help prevent water loss | waxy |
| Some plants have small leaves to prevent _____ _____ | water loss |
| Stem of cactuses stores _____ | water |
| Some plants have hairy leaves to prevent ______ ______ | water loss |
| Osmoregulation: | Regulates solute concentrations and balances the gain and loss of water |
| Terrestrial animals have to control both ____ of water and ______ | loss, solutes |
| Skin is quite ______ to water, hair on mammals helps prevent water _____ | impervious, loss |
| many desert animals get enough water from ____, and urine is not ______, more like crystals | seeds, liquids |
| Fish that live in freshwater, tend to have too much water wanting to get ___, solutes getting ____, so they produce copious amounts of _____ | in, out, urine |
| Fish use _____ _____ | active transport |
| Marine Fish are in a ______ solution, water wants to leave the cell, concentrated ______ | urine |
| In active transport we're moving against the _______ ______ | concentration gradient |
| ATP and specifically shaped proteins move from areas of _____ concentration to areas of ____ transportation | low, high |
| Nerves: Higher potassium concentration, always being pumped ___, sodium being pumped ____ | in, out |
| Exocytosis ( exiting cell): | Release of substances from cell, vesicles fuse with plasma membrane, fusions with membranes cause release |
| Endocytosis : | Inward budding of the membrane, forms a vesicle |
| Phagocytosis type of _______ | endocytosis |
| Phagocytosis-Ingestion of entire ____, cell _____ | eating |
| Phagocytosis-Membrane receptors identify the _______ | bacterium |
| Phagocytosis-______ extend around the bacterium | Pseudopodia |
| The plasma membrane helps convey signals between _____, and between _____ and their environment | cells, cells |
| Receptor Proteins, what can they _____? | receive? |
| Epinephrine (adrenaline) from adrenal glands-series of ________- cause the breakdown of glycogen into ______ to provide energy | reactions, gluclose |
| All organic compounds store _____ | energy |
| Energy comes from ____ | food |
| Process by which we derive energy is called ______ _______ | cellular respiration |
| Enzymes speed up _____ _____ (_____) | chemical reactions, catalysts |
| Enzymes work by lowering ______ ______ | activation energy |
| Reactants the enzyme acts upon are called ______ | substrates |
| sucrose (_____) + sucrase (______) + H20 (_____) ----> gluclose + ______ | substrate, enzyme, water, products |
| Virtually every chemical reaction that use or release energy are almost all dependent upon the action of ______ | enzymes |
| ATP is the _____ molecule, energy produced is used to make | energy, ATP |
| ATP supplies the _____ for cells to do their work | energy |
| ATP-________ ________ | Adenosine Triphosphate |
| cellular respiration happens in ________ | mitochondria |
| Energy in food produces ___, then ____ runs all chemical reactions to maintain cells | ATP, ATP |
| Triphosphate-third phosphate has ______ energy | highest |
| Third phosphate can be broken off using ______ and then we now have ADP, as food is broken down, cellular respiration, energy released, phosphate is put back __ ADP to make more ____ | enzymes, on, ATP |
| It takes about ___ million ____ _____ per ____ to power an active _____ cell | 10, ATP, molecules, second |
| Energy flows from the sun to plants to the ____ we eat | food |
| What organisms use photosynthesis? | Plants, algae |
| What do you need for photosynthesis | sunlight, carbon dioxide, water |
| Where does Photosynthesis take place? | chloroplasts |
| What is the product of Photosynthesis? | C6H12O6 (glucose) and oxygen |
| What organisms use cellular respiration? | Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi |
| What is needed for cellular respiration? _______ .-_______ | Glucose, Oxygen |
| Where does cellular respiration take place? _______ | mitochondria |
| What does cellular respiration produce? _____ ._____ ____. and ___ | Water and Carbon Dioxide, and ATP |
| The products of ______ _______ are the ______ for _________ | cellular respiration, reactants, photosynthesis |
| The products of ________ are the reactants for ________ _________ | cellular respiration |
| In process of breaking down food, we capture ___ percent of energy stored in food, and ___ is lost in the form of heat. | 40, 60 |
| Cellular Respiration-Process where food is broken down in the presence of _____ to produce _____ for the _______ | oxygen, energy, organism |
| Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation: | c6H12O6+6O2 -----> enzymes -----> 6CO2+6H20+up to 32 ATP |
| Capturing energy requires the transfer of _____ | electrons |
| Reactions that transfer electrons are called ____/(____/____) reactions | redox, oxidation, reaction) |
| Oxidation means | loss of electrons |
| Reduction means | gain of electrons |
| In cellular respiration the major electron carrier is ____ | NAD+ |
| NAD+ is an ___, and is an ____ _____ | ion, electron, carrier |
| In Cellular respiration, the major electron carrier is NAD+, an ___ | ion |
| NAD+ will accept ___ _____ | Free electrons |
| NAD+ will accept | H |
| NAD+ becomes | NADH |
| NAD+ quickly and easily moves from NAD+ to ____ and back | NADH |
| Cellular Respiration occurs in three stages: | Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport |
| Glycolysis: Stage 1, means | Sugar Splitting |
| Glycolysis takes place in | Cytosol (gooey stuff outside cell) |
| Glycolysis is split into __ molecules made of ___ ____ | Pyruvic Acid |
| Glycolysis-takes place outside of the _______, where 2 ____ and ____ are made | mitochondria, ATP, NADH |
| Stage 2: Citric Acid Cycle (_____ Cycle) | Krebs |
| Stage 2: Krebs Cycle-Pyruvic Acid is converted to ____ acid before entering Krebs cycle | acetic |
| Krebs Cycle completes breakdown of _____ | glucose |
| Krebs Cycle takes place in _______ | mitochondria |
| In Krebs Cycle, __ CO2, __ ATP plus ____ and ______ are made | 6, 2, NADH, FADH2 |
| CO2 came from ______-Krebs Cycle | glucose |
| Stage 3: Electron ______ | Transport |
| Electrons carried to inner membrane of | mitochondria |
| Electrons passed from _____ and _____ to ETC | NADH, FADH2 |
| Electron Transport- 02 accepts _____ at the end of the chain to make ____ | electrons, 6H20 |
| Electron Transport _____ makes ____ | Synthase, ATP |
| ATP synthase makes | ATP |
| Electron Transport, ___ ATP made | 28 |
| It doesn't have to be ______ to be able to go through the process of cellular respiration | glucose |
| Some organisms cannot use _____ | oxygen |
| Sometimes oxygen isn't ______ | present |
| ALL organisms still need ___ | ATP |
| Fermentation-process that can produce ATP without ______ being present | oxygen |
| From each glucose molecule get __ ATP 2 | |
| Alcoholic fermentation like | yeast |
| Lactic Acid fermentation-some _____, muscle cells at times | bacteria |
| Fermentation occurs without oxygen and is sometime called ______ respiration | anaerobic |
| Alcoholic Fermentation yields | Co2, 2 ATP, alcohol |
| Lactic Acid Fermentation yields | 2 ATP, lactic acid (sore muscles) |
| Yeast are a _____ | fungi |
| Yeast prefer and can use _____ ______ | cellular respiration |
| cellular respiration up to ___ ATP | 30 |
| Both carbon monoxide and cyanide ___ by disrupting cellular respiration. |
Created by:
sarchelj