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Microbio Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Types of microbes | bacteria, protists, prions, archae, fungi, viruses |
| order of microbes from smallest to largest | prions, viruses, bacteria, archae, fungi, protists |
| approaches to classifying microbes | taxonomy, hierarchy, and phylogeny |
| roles of microbes with humans | food spoilage infectious disease biotechnology bioremediation |
| types of relationships with humans and examples | commensalism parasitic symbiotic |
| roles of microbes in the biosphere | energy capture nutrient cycling |
| methods of identifying specific micro-organisms | Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay(DNA) ELISA Assay(antibodies) |
| bacterial cell shapes | coccus rod spiral spirocete vibrio |
| prokaryotic cell structure | chromosome ribosomes cell wall cell membrane flagella |
| list eukaryotic cell structure parts | nucleus cell membrane mitochondria flagella ribosomes |
| virus cell structure | nucleic acid capsid |
| carbohydrates(made up of and examples) | saccaride monomers glycogen and glucose |
| lipids(made up of and examples) | fatty acids phospholipids |
| proteins(made up of and examples) | amino acids polypeptides |
| nucleic acids(made up of and examples) | nucleotides DNA RNA |
| function of carbohydrates | provide structural and energy storage molecules |
| function of proteins | do specific jobs |
| function of nucleic acids | stores genetic material |
| function of lipids | storage and membrane layers |
| bacterial envelopes (function and structure) | protect made of peptidoglycan |
| cell membranes (function and structure) | semi-permeable barrier, transport, energy acquisition, secretion, environment sensing phospholipid bilayer |
| cell wall (function and structure) | withstands osmotic pressure single porous shealth |
| layers of gram + | (top)peptidoglycan (bottom) cell membrane |
| layers of gram- | cell membrane peptidoglycan cell membrane |
| steps of gram staining | crystal violet Gram's iodine alcohol safranin |
| function of crystal violet in gram staining | primary dye |
| function of gram's iodine in gram staining | mordant/seals dye for gram + |
| function of alcohol in gram staining | decolorizer |
| function of safranin in gram staining | red dye counterstain |
| what is used to stain mycobacterium | acid fast staining |
| bacterial flagella(function, structure, direction of movement) | movement, adherence filament, hook, basal body ccw swimming; cw tumbling |
| types of glycocalyx | loose-slime layer thick-capsule |
| pilli (function and structure) | adherance to other bacteria long protein fibers |
| fimbrae (function and structure) | adherence to inanimate objects short protein fibers |
| ribosomes (function) | production of proteins |
| rough ER | network of membranes that carry proteins around the cell |
| golgi apparatus | protein processing and packaging |
| lysosomes | break down cellular waste |
| mitochondria | energy |
| cytoskeleton | movement and shape microfilaments and microtubules |
| eukaryote flagella and cilia (function and direction of movement) | movement whip-like motion |
| smooth ER | factory for lipids |
| fungus | decomposers absorbs nutrients hyphae |
| protists | many types most are mobile resistant cysts |
| hyphae | filaments used to penetrate its substrate |
| types of viruses | naked enveloped complex |
| how do bacteriophages grow | inject genetic material directly into host cells |
| how do enveloped viruses grow | endocytosis and fusion |
| how do naked viruses grow | endocytosis |
| steps in viral replication | absorption entry uncoating synthesis assembly release |
| ways to acquire energy | auto-non living hetero-living chemo-metabolic processes photo-sunlight |
| types of bacterial cell arrangement and shape | streptococcal-chain sarcina-cube staphylococcal-random cluster |
| phases of bacterial growth | lag exponential stationary death |
| environmental factors that effect growth | temperature pH oxygen salt |
| types of heat-related growth | psychrophile-low mesophile-medium thermophile-high |
| types of salt-related growth | nonhalophile-no salt halotolerant-quick decline halophile-thrivies extreme halophile-needs high salt concentration |
Created by:
johnsonda5
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