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Bio2, Ch 18 vocab

QuestionAnswer
bacteria microscopic prokaryotes most are beneficial to humans and to the environment, but a small percentage can cause disease.
nucleoid area in a prokaryotic cell that contains a large, circular chromosome.
capsule polysaccharide layer secreted around the cell wall by some prokaryotes hat prevents the cell from drying out ad helps the cell attach to environmental surfaces.
pilus hairlike, submicroscopic structure made of protein that can help a bacterial cell attach to environmental surfaces and act as a bridge between cells.
binary fission a sexual form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which a cell divides into two genetically identical cells.
conjugation form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which the prokaryotic cells attach to each other and exchange genetic material.
endospore dormant bacterial cel able to survive for long periods of time during extreme environmental conditions.
virus nonliving strand of genetic material that cannot replicate on its own, has a nucleic acid core, a protein coat, and can invade cells and alt3er cellular function.
capsid outer protein layer that surrounds the genetic material of a virus.
lytic clcle viral replication process in which genetic material of the virus enters the host cells cytoplasm, the cell replicates the viral DNA or RNA, and the host cell is instructed to manufacture capsids and assemble new viral particles which then leave the cell.
lysogenic cycle viral replication process in which viral DNA inserts into the host cell's chromosome, may remain dormant and later activate and instruct the host cell to produce more viruses.
retrovirus RNA virus, such as HIV, with reverse transcriptase in its core.
prion protein that can cause infection or disease.
Created by: Veronica98
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