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USMLE
MSK Derm 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What layer of skin does bullous pemphigoid affect? | Subepidermal blisters |
| What layer of skin does impetigo affect? | Subcorneal blisters |
| What layer of skin does pemphigus vulgaris affect? | Intraepidermal blisters |
| What layer of skin does eczema affect? | Intraepidermal blisters |
| What layer of skin does dermatitis herpetiformis affect? | Subepidermal blisters |
| Flat circumscribed lesion less than 5 mm in diameter | Macule |
| Flat circumscribed lesion more than 5 mm in diameter | Patch |
| Elevated lesion less than 5 mm in diameter | Papule |
| Elevated lesion with spherical contour greater than 5 mm in diameter | Nodule |
| Elevated flat-topped lesion, usually greater than 5 mm in diameter | Plaque |
| Fluid-filled raised lesion less than 5 mm in diameter | Vesicle |
| Fluid-filled raised lesion greater than 5 mm in diameter | Bulla |
| Common term used for vesicle or bulla | Blister |
| Discrete, pus-filled, raised lesion | Pustule |
| Itchy, transient, elevated lesion with variable blanching and erythema | Wheal |
| Dry, horny, platelike excrescence | Scale |
| Thickened and rough skin characterized by prominent skin markings | Lichenification |
| Dried exudates from vesicle, bulla, or pustule; over superficial shallow erosions | Crust |
| Traumatic lesion characterized by breakage of the epidermis, causing a raw linear area | Excoriation |
| Separation of nail plate from nail bed | Onycholysis |
| Thickening of the stratum corneum | Hyperkeratosis |
| A break in the skin, usually where it joins a mucous membrane, producing a crack-like sore or ulcer | Fissure |
| Modes of keratinization characterized by the retention of the nuclei in the stratum corneum | Parakeratosis |
| Hyperplasia of the stratum granulosum | Hypergranulosis |
| Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia | Acanthosis |
| Surface elevation caused by hyperplasia and enlargement of contiguous dermal papillae | Papillomatosis |
| Abnormal keratinization occurring prematurely within individual cells or groups of cells below the stratum granulosum | Dyskeratosis |
| Loss of intercellular connections resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes | Acantholysis |
| Intercellular edema of the epidermis | Spongiosis |
| Intracellular edema of keratinocytes | Hydropic swelling |
| Infiltration of the epidermis by inflammatory or circulating blood cells | Exocytosis |
| Discontinuity of the skin exhibiting incomplete loss of the epidermis | Erosion |
| Discontinuity of the skin exhibiting complete loss of the epidermis and often of portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous fat | Ulceration |
| Formation of vacuoles within or adjacent to cells | Vacuolization |
| Referring to a linear pattern of melanocyte proliferation within the epidermal basal cell layer | Lentiginous |
| What is normal transepidermal water loss? | 150 mL/day |
| How does TEWL change after loss of the stratum corneum? | TEWL increases by a factor of 50 |
| Genetics of Dysplastic nevi syndrome | Autosomal dominant Involves genes on chrom 1, 9 or 12 |
| Genetics of Basal cell nevus syndrome | Autosomal dominant Mutated ptc gene on chrom 9q22 |
| Epidermodysplasia veruciformis is a/w what? | HPV types 5 & 8 |
| Flat, red warts all over the skin; genitals are usually spared | Epidermodysplasia veruciformis |
| Disorder characterized by blister formation in response to mechanical trauma | Epidermolysis bullosa |
| Nevi that are larger than normal and may occur as hundreds of lesions on the body | Dysplastic nevi syndrome |
| Skin cancer w/ windblown histologic appearance | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| Skin cancer w/ pink, amorphous areas because of keratin production | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| Bowen's syndrome | Squamous cell carcinoma in situ |
| Most common skin cancer | Basal cell carcinoma |
| Skin cancer w/ basophilic staining | Basal cell carcinoma |
| Skin cancer w/ Peripheral palisading | Basal cell carcinoma |
| Skin cancer w/ bcl-2, α-SMA & Stromolysin 3 mutations | Basal cell carcinoma |
| Least common skin cancer | Melanoma |
| Most common type of melanoma | Superficial spreading melanoma |
| Rarest type of melanoma | Nodular melanoma |
| Clark staging | based on level of invasion levels 1-5 |
| Breslow staging | based on thickness of lesion <.75mm= good prognosis Best prognostic indicator |
| Erythematous macule leading to multiple small pustules; rupture and ULCERATE with thick crust | Ecthyma Usually a neglected impetigo that progresses |
| Erythematous macule leading to multiple small pustules; rupture and FORM EROSIONS covered in crust | Impetigo |
| Acute, deep-seated, red, hot, tender nodule or abscess | Furuncle |
| Deeper infection (than furncle) comprised of interconnecting abscesses usually arising in several contiguous hair follicles | Carbuncle |
| Crops of small pustules centered around hair shaft, erythema | Folliculitis |
| Cause of Erysipelas | group A β-hemolytic streptococci |
| Cause of Cellulitis | Staphylococcus aureus |
| Red, hot, edematous and shiny plaque that may contain vesicles, bullae, erosions or abscesses | Erysipelas (defined boders) & Cellulitis (ill-defined borders) |
| Cause of Erythrasma | Corynebacterium minutissimum |
| Sharply marginated macule; scaling, erosion, fissure can occur | Erythrasma |
| Shows a coral-red fluorescence w/ Wood's lamp | Erythrasma |
| Cause of Pitted Keratolysis | Micrococcus sedentarius |
| Pits in stratum corneum; Sometimes discrete, oftentimes large areas of eroded corneum form; white when hydrated | Pitted Keratolysis |
Created by:
Asclepius
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