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8A Food and digest
Key words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Carbohydrate | A nutrient used for energy made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| Constipation | When the intestines get blocked |
| Diet | The food that you eat |
| Fibre | A substance not absorbed in the body needed for peristalsis |
| Peristalsis | Movement of material through the intestine |
| Lipid | Fats (solids) and oils (liquids) |
| Mineral (biology) | An element that is a nutrient needed in small quantities for health |
| Mineral (chemistry) | A naturally occurring element or compound that can form distinct grains in rocks |
| Nutrient | A substance needed in the diet to provide the raw materials for making new substances and for energy release |
| Nutrition | The substances that help organisms respire and grow |
| Oil | A liquid fat |
| Protein | A nutrient used for growth and repair |
| Raw material | A substance used to make other substances |
| Starch | A type of insoluble carbohydrate found in plants (complex carbohydrate) |
| Sugar | A type of soluble carbohydrate (simple carbohydrate) |
| Vitamin | A nutrient needed in small quantities for health |
| Fuel | A substance that is a store of energy that can be easily transferred (often chemical or nuclear) |
| Kilojoule | 1kJ is 1000J |
| Joule | A unit for measuring energy (J) |
| Respiration | A process of releasing energy to do work Glucose + oxygen --> energy + carbon dioxide + water |
| Anaemia | A deficiency disease caused by the lack of iron |
| Balanced diet | Eating a wide variety of foods to provide all the things the body needs |
| Deficiency disease | A disease caused by a lack of a nutrient |
| Heart disease | A disease caused by narrowing of the coronary artery causing heart muscle to die |
| Kwashiorkor | A deficiency disease caused by a lack of protein |
| Malnutrition | A problem caused by having too much or too little of a nutrient in the diet |
| Night blindness | A deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin A |
| Obesity | Being very overweight |
| Reference Intake (RI) | The amount of a nutrient that people are advised to eat in a day |
| Rickets | A deficiency disease caused by lack of calcium or vitamin D |
| Scurvy | A deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin C |
| Starvation | A form of malnutrition in which people lack one or more nutrients |
| Absorb | To soak up or take in |
| Anus | The opening at the end of the gut |
| Bacteria | A single celled microorganism with the DNA not in a nucleus (prokaryote) |
| Catalyst | A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being used up |
| Digestion | A process that breaks food into soluble substances in our bodies |
| Digestive juice | A liquid containing enzymes that break down food |
| Digestive system | An organ system that breaks down food |
| Egestion | When faeces are pushed out of the anus |
| Elimination | See Egestion |
| Enzyme | An organic catalyst |
| Faeces | Waste food material produced by the intestines |
| Food pipe | See oesophagus |
| Gullet | See oesophagus |
| Oesophagus | The muscular tube from the mouth to the stomach |
| Gut | The organs that form the tube from the mouth to the anus |
| Ingestion | Taking substances into the body |
| Insoluble | Cannot be dissolved in a certain liquid |
| Large intestine | An organ that removes water from undigested food |
| Liver | An organ used to make, destroy and store substances in your body |
| Microorganism | An organism too small to be seen with the naked eye |
| Rectum | An organ that stores faeces before they are egested |
| Saliva | A digestive juice that contains an enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar |
| Salivary gland | Gland in mouth that makes saliva |
| Small intestine | An organ where most digestion occurs - molecules are made small enough to pass into the blood |
| Soluble | Can dissolve in a certain liquid |
| Stomach | An organ containing HCl which also mixes up food and digests proteins |
| Diffusion | When particles spread from high concentration to low concentration |
| Microvillus | A fold on the surface of a villus cell to increase surface area |
| Plasma | The liquid part of the blood |
| Villus | A small finger-like part of the small intestine to increase surface area |
Created by:
andrewweng0406
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