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OGT - Earth & Space
OGT - Earth & Space - Earth - Mrs. Martinez
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| crust | rigid (stiff),thin outer layer of the Earth |
| mantle | very thick, middle layer of the Earth; upper part is more rigid than lower part which is a semi-liquid (plastic-like) |
| lithosphere | layer of Earth made of crust and upper mantle |
| aesthenosphere | lower, semi-liquid (molten) mantle which is believed to move due to convection currents |
| convection | circular movement due to hot materials rising, cooling off, and then falling back down to the heat source |
| conduction | movement of heat, electricity, etc. due to direct contact between materials |
| core | very hot, dense center of earth; consists of outer liquid portion and inner solid portion |
| continental drift | theory proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912 based upon his observations of the jigsaw shapes of the continents; states that millions of years ago, the continents were joined into one continent he named Pangaea which then broke apart and the continents move |
| Pangaea | the giant landmass that all the continents were once joined into |
| magnetic reversal | when magnetic north becomes magnetic south; supposedly happens regularly; a record of it is said to be in the ocean floor; used as evidence for dating the Earth |
| seafloor spreading | magma is pushing up through the mid-oceanic ridges, freezing, then getting pushed off to the sides |
| volcano | one result of convection currents in lower mantle (asthenosphere) which push magma up through the lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) |
| plate boundary | where 2 crustal plates come together; several types exist |
| radiometric dating | using the regular decay rates of certain radioactive elements to determing the age of rock; also called absolute dating |
| hot spot | places where magma continually pushes up through the crust; over time, forms a seamount which grows into an island; there is one under the Hawaiian Islands |
| Ring of Fire | term for the area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions around the Pacific Ocean |
| subduction | process where denser plate material (oceanic) folds under the less dense plate (continental) and is melted ans it moves downward to the mantle; causes a line of volcanoes like the Ring of Fire |
| igneous rocks | form from hot rock, either magma or lava |
| metamorphic rocks | rocks formed from other rocks under great pressure |
| sedimentary rocks | form from bits of rock, dust, bone, etc. that are deposited over time |
| strata | layers |
| plate tectonics | unifying theory that includes continental drift and explains the formation of mountains, volcanoes, hot springs, and earthquakes |
| continental shelf | slope of land from continent out under the ocean for many kilometers |
| abyssal plain | ocean floor |
| trench | very deep places on the ocean floor |
| mid-ocean ridges | undersea mountain ranges through which magma is being pushed up, causing sea floor spread |
| surface ocean currents | caused by prevailing winds |
| deep ocean currents | driven by differences in salt concentration and heat; cold water sinks in warm water and salt water sinks in freshwater |
Created by:
bioteacherjm
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