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Biology Ch. 4
biology questions for chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| weather | the day to day condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular place and time |
| climate | the average conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region |
| uneven heating of the Earth | causes prevailing and global winds that transfer warm and cool air |
| biotic factors | biological of living influences on organisms |
| abiotic factors | physical (nonliving) factors in an ecosystem |
| habitat | area where an organism lives; includes biotic and abiotic factors |
| niche | the conditions an organism lives in and how it uses those conditions |
| resource | any necessity of life and organism uses |
| competition | when two or more organisms attempt to use a resource in the same place at the same time |
| competitive exclusion principle | says no two species can occupy the same niche at the same habitat at the same time |
| predation | when one organism captures and feeds on another organism |
| symbiosis | two species live closely together |
| mutualism | type of symbiosis in which both species benefit |
| commensalism | type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed |
| parasitism | type of symbiosis in which one organism lives in or on another organism and benefits, while the host organism is harmed |
| ecological succession | series of predictable changes in a community over time |
| primary succession | occurs on land where no soil exists |
| pioneer species | the first species in a new area |
| secondary succession | a disturbance that changes a community, but soil is left behind |
| biome | complex of terrestrial communities; covers a large area; has certain soil and climate conditions; has particular plants and animals |
| tolerance | ability to survive and reproduce under conditions that are not optimal |
| plankton | tiny, free-floating or weakly swimming organisms in water |
| wetland | an ecosystem where water covers the soil at least part of the year |
| bog | depression where water collects, often acidic |
| marshes | wetlands along rivers, mainly reeds and grasslike plants |
| swamp | looks like a flooded forest |
| estuaries | wetland formed where rivers meet the sea; mix of fresh and salt water |
| marine ecosystems | divided into zones by light penetration, depth, distance from shore, intertidal zones, and open ocean |
| photic zone | sunlight penetrates (depth ~200 meters) |
| aphotic zone | permanently dark; ocean zone |
| benthic zone | ocean floor; ocean zone |
| intertidal zone | organisms withstand extreme changes; ocean zone |
| costal ocean | rich in plankton; kelp forests may be in this zone; ocean zone |
Created by:
NoahBuscher
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