Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

MICABI - Exam 1

tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, mitronidazol

QuestionAnswer
3 tetracyclines used mainly in clinical practice tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline
tetracyclines bind these divalent and trivalent metal ions
tetracycline activity/spectrum Bacteriostatic, broad-spectrumgram-positive; gram-negative; Spirochetes; rickettsiae; chlamydiae; mycoplasma; L-form (protoplast); Some protozoa
tetracycline mechanism of action ihibit protein synthesis; Binds to 30S ribosomes, prevents tRNA binding; Relatively selective to bacteria; uptake system, energy dependent
mechanism of tetracycline resistance (3) 1) enzymatic inactivation of tetracycline (rarest type) 2) efflux, a resistance gene encodes a membrane protein that actively pumps tetracycline out of the cell (** most important); 3) ribosomal protection
transport protein important for tetracycline resistance TetA
tetracycline PKs Absorbed from GI tract; Distributed widely to tissues and body fluid, except CSF; Bound to growing bones and teeth; Excreted in urine or/and bile depends on individual compound.
tetracycline SEs Bony structures and teeth; GI functional disturbance; Liver and kidney toxicity; Photosensitization; Superinfection (esp yeast); Vestibular disturbance (minocycline)
tetracycline drug interactions (4) 1) Antacids (impair the oral absorption of tets); 2) Anticonvulsant, Barbiturates, long-term alcohol use; 3) Anticoagulant, due to competition of binding/inhibition on metabolism; 4) oral contraceptives (req normal flora)
Tetracycline specifics short acting; renal elimination; commonly used for acute UTI, anogenital, pharyngeal and pelvic infection.
Doxycycline specifics long acting; more lipophilic and better absorption than tetracycline; Hepatic elimination; is the tetracycline of choice for many infection (no UTIs)
Minocycline specifics same as doxycycline; has been widely used for the chemoprophylaxis of meningococcal disease
Tigecycline specifics new class: glycylcycline, inhibits the bacterial 30S ribosome and is bacteriostatic; activity against MRSA and multi-drug resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. approved for skin, soft-tissue and intrabdominal infections
Chloramphenicol activity bacteria, spirochetes, rickettsia, chlamydiae, mycoplasmas
Chloramphenicol chemistry very small; lipophillic; high bioavailability, distribution and absorption; very severe SEs due to mechanism
Chloramphenicol mechanism Reversibly binds 50S subunit of 70S ribosome inhibitting protein synthesis; humans have 70S in mitochondria so dose-related bone marrow suppression
Chloramphenicol is bactericidal against these 3 common organisms causing meningitis in childhood. H. influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis
Chloramphenicol uses not considered first-line, but used in Childhood meningitis; Brain abscess; Richettsial infections; Typhoid fever and invasive salmonellosis
dose related adverse events of chloramphenicol Gray Baby Syndrome and bone marrow suppression
non-dose related adverse events of chloramphenicol Aplastic anemia
Metronidazole chemistry nitroimidazole that diffuses well into all tissues, including the CNS; hydroxyl metabolite retains activity; acidic metabolite has poor activity
Metronidazole spectrum active against variety of strains of protazoa and obligate anaerobes
Metronidazole mechanism of action prodrug; converted in anaerobic organisms by the redox enzyme; reduced by ferredoxin; products are cytotoxic - disrupts DNA structure
Metronidazole resistance Resistance develops rarely
Metronidazole adverse rxns metallic taste, dark or red-brown urine; Metabolites may be mutagenic;. avoid first trimester in pregnancy.
Metronidazole interactions (3) 1) no alcohol; 2)inhibits warfarin; 3) falsely low SGOT
Metronidazole clinical use Clostridium species (vancomycin also works for this, but metronidazole pref by some since more narrow spectrum)
Created by: Krafty
Popular Science sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards