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USMLE
Repro Path 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What causes a bicornuate uterus? | incomplete fusion of Paramesonepheric ducts |
| Dx: abnormal opening of penile urethra on inferior side of penis Cause? | Hypospadias cause: failure of Urethral folds to close [Hypospadias in Inferior - can see w/ penis held HI] |
| Dx: abnormal opening of penile urethra on superior side of penis Cause? what is it assoc with? | Epispadias cause: bad positioning of Genital Tubercle assoc w/: Extrophy of bladder [Epispadias = Extrophy] |
| genotypic and gonadal female (XX) with ovaries but external genitalia is virilized or ambiguous cause? | Female Pseudohermaphrodite cause: extra exposure to androgens during early gestation |
| genotypic and gonadal male (XY) with testis but external genitalia is female or ambiguous (vagina that ends in blind pouch) cause? | Male Pseudohermaphrodite cause: loss of androgen receptor function |
| Another name for Male pseudohermaphrodism | Androgen Insensitivity syndrome |
| Definition: Both ovary and testicular tissue present (47,XXY) | True Hermaphrodite |
| Dx: Ambiguous genitalia until puberty, when increase in testosterone causes masculinization | 5-alpha reductase deficiency |
| Dx: tight foreskin that is difficult to retract over glans penis | Phimosis |
| Definition: subcutaneous fibrosis of the dorsum of the penis in older men | Peyronie Dz |
| Dx: painless chancre | Syphillis |
| Definition: a single erythematous plaque most often on the shaft of the penis or scrotum | Bowen Dz |
| Definition: a single erythematous plaque most often on the glans penis or the prepuce | Erythroplasia of Queyrat |
| Dx: Multiple wart-like lesions that histologically resemble Bowens and Queyrat | Bowenoid Papulosis |
| Dx: developmental failure of the testis to descend into the scrotum | Cryptorchidism |
| where does the fluid of a Hydrocele fill? | Tunica Vaginalis |
| Definition: malignant germ cell tumor presenting as painless enlargement of testis in 35 yo men; radiosensitive and poss Inc hCG | Seminoma |
| which testicular tumor is similar to a seminoma but at a younger age of onset? | Embryonal CA |
| Definition: malignant germ cell tumor of testis that has a peak in infancy and early childhood; Inc alpha-fetoprotein | Enodermal sinus (Yolk Sac) tumor |
| difference b/t immature and mature teratoma | Immature: resembles fetal tissue Mature: resembles adult tissue |
| Definition: benign testicluar stromal tumor that can produce androgens and estrogens, contains Reinke crystals seen in precocious puberty or gynecomastia | Leydig cell Tumor |
| Definition: benign testicular stromal tumor that forms cord-like structures with minor endocrine abnormalities | Sertoli cell tumor |
| Definition: testicular tumor w/ trophoblastic cells and villous structures resembling a placenta, malignant, hemorrhagic and Inc b-hCG | Choriocarcinoma |
| where in the prostate does Adenocarcinoma occur? | Peripheral zone (Posterior lobe) only |
| Dx: pruitis and leukoplakia in the vulvar region (name benign and precancerous) | Lichen Sclerosis (benign) Atypical hyperplastic dystrophy (pre-CA) |
| Dx: Benign papilloma caused by HPV; koilocytes which HPV types? | Condyloma Acuminatum (HPV 6 and 11) |
| Squamous cell CA on penis, vulva, cervix is assoc w/ which HPV? (4) | 16, 18, 31, 33 |
| Dx: in children younger then 5 yo, a "bunch of grapes" protruding from the vulva | Sarcoma Botryoides |
| Dx: menstrual-related onset of pain in the entire pelvic area | Endometriosis |
| what amniotic fluid abnormality is a cause of anencephaly? | Polyhydraminos (due to esophageal/duodenal atresia) |
| MC Uterine tumor what is its size related to? | Leiomyoma (Fibroid) size: Estrogen secretion (more at Preg, less at Menopause) |
| Dx: abnormal endometrial gland proliferation due to excess estrogen; manifests as vaginal bleeding | Endometrial Hyperplasia |
| What do HPV viral proteins E6 and E7 bind to? | E6 = p53 E7 = Rb |
| Definition: swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epithelium (trophoblast); high b-hCG; "honeycomb uterus" or "cluster of grapes" appearance | Hydatidiform mole |
| Dx: 46,XX and completely Paternal; without fetus | Complete Hydatidiform mole |
| Dx: 69,XXY (or tetraploidy); may contain fetal parts | Partial Hydatidiform mole |
| Dx: pregnancy-induced HTN, proteinuria, and edema; HA, blurred vision, hyperreflexia, thrombocytopenia | Preeclampsia |
| Dx: pregnancy-induced HTN, proteinuria, edema and seizures; HA, blurred vision, hyperreflexia, thrombocytopenia | Eclampsia |
| What pregnancy Dx presents as RUQ pain and HTN in 50% of patients? | HELLP syndrome |
| Tx for Eclampsia (2) | IV magnesium sulfate and Diazepam |
| Dx: premature separation of placenta w/ painful uterine bleeding (usu in 3rd trimester); fetal death; may be assoc w/ DIC | Abruptio Placentae |
| Dx: defective decidual layer allows placenta to attach directly to myometrium; possibly due to previous c-section; may have massive hemorrhage post-delivery | Placenta Acreta |
| Dx: attachment of placenta to lower uterine segment; may occlude cervical os; Painless bleeding in any trimester | Placenta Previa |
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Asclepius
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