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USMLE
CV 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cut CN IX and X bilaterally - what is hemodynamic result? | tachycardia with hypertension |
| EKG with random electrical activity without recognizable QRS complexes | ventricular fibrillation |
| what can atenolol cause in high doses? | bradycardia and varying degrees of AV block |
| what causes increased pulse pressure? | stiffening of arteries/ decreased arterial compliance |
| what maintains a PDA? | PGE analog - alprostadil |
| what artery is usually compressed in thoracic outlet syndrome? | subclavian |
| what is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in adults? | ischemic heart disease |
| sudden death in heart transplant patient? | graft vascular disease |
| cardiac defect associated with Fragile X? | MV prolapse and aortic root dilation |
| cardiac finding in SIDS? | right ventricular hypertrophy |
| endocarditis in patient with colon CA? | strep bovis |
| how does cocaine cause hypertension? | blocks NE reuptake |
| what substance responsible for calcified valves? | calcium phosphate |
| high risk for digitoxin therapy with what metabolic problem? | hypokalemia |
| decreased arterial pressure, increased systemic venous pressure, and small, quiet heart | cardiac tamponade |
| rupture of ventricular wall leading to hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade, rupture of IV septum, rupture of papillary muscle can occur when post-MI? | 5-10 days |
| what is the initial alteration leading to atherosclerosis? | injury to endothelial lining |
| in compensated aortic coarctation, what is decreased? | vascular resistance in lower body |
| drugs recommended for patients with diabetes and renal complications (e.g. hyperuricemia)? | ACE inhibitors |
| bacterial endocarditis in tricuspid valve? | IVDA |
| what artery is frequently damaged in knee dislocations? | popliteal |
| proper initial treatment for patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? | metoprolol |
| anti-hypertensive causing gynecomastia? | spironolactone |
| what increases upon removal of a kidney? | total peripheral resistance |
| beta blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity not recommended for patients with angina | acebutolol and pindolol |
| patient with vasculitic symptoms, eosiniophilia, and asthma? | Churg-Strauss |
| access to vertebral artery via what? | suboccipital triangle |
| patients who develop digitoxin toxicity gradually during chronic therapy are often taking what type of drugs? | diuretics - hypokalemia and hypomagnesia |
| increased stroke volume causes what to happen to pulse pressure? in what type of patients is this seen? | wide pulse pressure - anemic patients |
| endomyocardial fibrosis with myocyte necrosis and a prominent eosinophilic infiltrate? | Loeffler endocarditis - result of direct toxicity to heart by proteins in eosinophil granules designed to kill large parasites |
| what types of pericarditis may follow acute MI? | fibrinous and serofibrinous pericarditis |
| what is caseous pericarditis typically due to? | TB |
| these types of pericarditis can be seen in uremia, chest radiation, rheumatic fever, SLE, and following chest trauma | fibrinous and serofibrinous |
| this type of pericarditis is seen when pyogenic infections involve the pericardium, e.g. after cardiothoracic surgery | purulent pericarditis |
| this type of pericarditis is seen in non-infectious inflammations, e.g. rheumatic fever, lupus, scleroderma, tumors, and uremia | serous pericarditis |
| amyloid deposition in the myocardium results in what type of cardiomyopathy? | restrictive - can be seen in RA and other long-standing inflammatory conditions |
| what murmur is associated with a bicuspid aortic valve? | immediate diastolic murmur |
| what structures have the highest ratio of wall cross-sectional area to lumen cross-sectional area? | arterioles |
| what type of protein is associated with RA? | AA amyloid protein |
| another name for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? | idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis |
| administration of epinephrine after what type of drug causes a decrease in BP? | alpha adrenergic antagonist, e.g. phentolamine - blockes epi's vasoconstrictive action on arterioles |
Created by:
Asclepius
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