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USMLE
MSK 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the triad associated with Wegener's granulomatosis? | necrotizing vasculitis, necrotizing granulomas in the lung and upper airway, and necrotizing glomerulonephritis |
| perforation of nasal septum, chronic sinusitis, otitis media, mastoiditis, cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and hematuria are associated with what disease? | Wegener's granulomatosis |
| what is a strong marker of Wegener's granulomatosis? | C-ANCA |
| what might be seen on chest x ray in Wegener's? | large nodular densities |
| what is the treatment for Wegener's? | cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids |
| this vasculitide is like Wegener's but lacks granulomas and is associated with P- or C-ANCA | microscopic polyangitis |
| this is a vasculitis limited to the kidney | primary pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis |
| granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia that involves lungs, heart, skin, kidneys, nervous system; often seen in atopic patients | Churg-Strauss syndrome |
| this is an acute, self-limiting disease of infants/kids; acute necrotizing vasculitis of small/medium sized vessels; fever, congested conjunctiva, changes in lips/oral mucosa, lymphadenitis | Kawasaki disease/ mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome |
| what potentially serious outcome can result from Kawakaki disease? | coronary aneurysms |
| what is the most common form of childhood systemic vasculitis? | Henoch-Schonlein purpura |
| skin rash, arthralgia, intestinal hemorrhage, abdominal pain, and melena in kid? | Henoch-Schonlein purpura |
| where do giant cell bone tumors most commonly occur? in what age group? | epiphyseal end of long bones - 20-40 years old |
| this is a locally aggressive benign tumor often around the distal femur, proximal tibial region | giant cell tumor |
| what type of bone tumor has a 'soap bubble' or 'double bubble' appearance on x-ray? | giant cell tumor |
| spindle-shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells found in what type of benign bone tumor? | giant cell tumor |
| what is the most common benign bone tumor? | osteochondroma (exostosis) |
| this type of bone tumor is usually found in men <25 and commonly originates from long metaphysis | osteochondroma |
| this is a benign cartilaginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone, usually in the distal extremities | endochondroma |
| what is the most common malignant tumor of bone? | osteosarcoma |
| this malignant bone tumor's peak incidence is in men 10-20 years old and is commonly found in the metaphysis of long bones | osteosarcoma |
| name some predisposing factors for osteosarcoma | Paget's disease of bone, bone infarcts, radiation, and familial retinoblastoma |
| what organism causes scalded skin syndrome? | staph |
| how do you distinguish pemphigus vulgaris from bullous pepmphigoid? | pemphigus vulgaris is associated with oral ulcers |
| atuoantibody directed against transmembrane cadherin adhesion molecules induces acantholysis (breakdown of epithelial cell-cell connections) with resulting intraepidermal blister formation | pemphigus vulgaris |
| molluscum contagiosum is related to infection with what virus? | poxvirus |
| honey-brown crusted lesions in various stages? what organism? | impetigo - strep pyogenes or staph aureus; distinguish by catalase test |
| autoimmune attack on hair follicles | alopecia areata |
| androgenic alopecia | common male pattern baldness |
| fine, nonblotchy truncal rash in a not-very-ill kid with no Koplik spots | rubella |
| target lesions | erythema multiforme |
| granular complement and IgG at the dermal-epidermal junction | rash biopsy in SLE |
| biopsy of xanthomas shows what? | multinucleated giant cells |
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Asclepius
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