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USMLE
MSK 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what type of crystals precipitate in gout? | monosodium urate |
| what type of diuretics is gout associated with? | thiazide |
| needle shaped negatively birefringent | gout |
| with what type of crystals is pseudogout associated? | calcium pyrophosphate |
| rhomboid crystals that are weakly positively birefringent | pseudogout |
| what type of joints does pseudogout usually affect? | large joints, especially the knee |
| what is the treatment for pseudogout? | none |
| pulmonary hemorrhages leading to hemoptysis, renal lesions leading to hematuria, anemia, crescentic glomerulonephritis | Goodpasture's syndrome |
| what type of hypersensitivity reaction does Goodpasture's represent? | type II |
| anti-glomerular basement membranes produce what type of staining on immunofluorescence? | linear |
| what population does Goodpasture's usually affect? | men 20-40 |
| what level is elevated in sarcoidosis? | ACE |
| immune-mediated, widespread noncaseating granulomas common in black females | sarcoidosis |
| what do the epithelial granulomas contain in sarcoidosis? | microscopic Schaumann and asteriod bodies |
| why is hypercalcemia associated with sarcoidosis? | elevated conversion of vitamin D to its active form in epitheliod macrophages |
| restrictive lung disease, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, Bell's palsy are associated with what? | sarcoidosis |
| patients with what disorder have decreased sensitivity and often anergy to skin test antigens? | sarcoidosis |
| chronic inflammatory disease of spine and SI joints -> ankylosis, uveitis, and aortic regurgitation | ankylosing spondylitis |
| this disorder is characterized by excessive fibrosis and collagen deposition throughout the body | scleroderma (progressive systemic sclerosis) |
| widespread skin involvement, rapid progression, early visceral involvement | diffuse scleroderma |
| CREST syndrome | calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia |
| idiopathic, segmental, thrombosing vasculitis of intermediate and small peripheral arteries and veins; seen in heavy smokers | Buerger's disease |
| intermittent claudication, superficial nodular phlebitis, and cold sensitivity, severe pain in affected part (may lead to gangrene) are characteristic of what? | Buerger's disease |
| what is the treatment for Buerger's disease? | quit smoking |
| what type of arteries does Takayasu's arteritis affect? | medium and large arteries |
| granulomatous thickening of aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels; elevated ESR | Takayasu's arteritis ("pulseless disease") |
| who does Takayasu's arteritis primarily affect? | Asian females under 40 |
| what are the symptoms of Takayasu's arteritis? | fever, arthritis, night sweats, myalgia, skin nodules, ocular disturbances, weak pulses in upper extremities: |
| this is the most common vasculitis that affects medium and small arteries, usually branches of the carotid | temporal/giant cell arteritis |
| unilateral headache, jaw claudication, impaired vision (occlusion of ophthalmic artery, which can lead to blindness) | temporal/giant cell arteritis |
| half of patients with temporal arteritis have what? | systemic involvement and polymyalgia rheumatica (proximal muscle pain, periarticular pain) |
| what is elevated in temporal arteritis? what is the treatment? | elevated ESR; steroids are Rx |
| necrotizing immune complex inflammation of medium-sized muscular arteries, typically involving renal and visceral vessels | polyarteritis nodosa |
| approximately 30% of patients with polyarteritis nodosa are seropositive for what? | Hep B |
| multiple aneurysms and constrictions are seen on angiogram in what disease? | polyarteritis nodosa |
| what is the treatment for polyarteritis nodosa? | corticosteroids, cylophosphamide |
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Asclepius
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