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USMLE

MSK 3

QuestionAnswer
what type of crystals precipitate in gout? monosodium urate
what type of diuretics is gout associated with? thiazide
needle shaped negatively birefringent gout
with what type of crystals is pseudogout associated? calcium pyrophosphate
rhomboid crystals that are weakly positively birefringent pseudogout
what type of joints does pseudogout usually affect? large joints, especially the knee
what is the treatment for pseudogout? none
pulmonary hemorrhages leading to hemoptysis, renal lesions leading to hematuria, anemia, crescentic glomerulonephritis Goodpasture's syndrome
what type of hypersensitivity reaction does Goodpasture's represent? type II
anti-glomerular basement membranes produce what type of staining on immunofluorescence? linear
what population does Goodpasture's usually affect? men 20-40
what level is elevated in sarcoidosis? ACE
immune-mediated, widespread noncaseating granulomas common in black females sarcoidosis
what do the epithelial granulomas contain in sarcoidosis? microscopic Schaumann and asteriod bodies
why is hypercalcemia associated with sarcoidosis? elevated conversion of vitamin D to its active form in epitheliod macrophages
restrictive lung disease, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, Bell's palsy are associated with what? sarcoidosis
patients with what disorder have decreased sensitivity and often anergy to skin test antigens? sarcoidosis
chronic inflammatory disease of spine and SI joints -> ankylosis, uveitis, and aortic regurgitation ankylosing spondylitis
this disorder is characterized by excessive fibrosis and collagen deposition throughout the body scleroderma (progressive systemic sclerosis)
widespread skin involvement, rapid progression, early visceral involvement diffuse scleroderma
CREST syndrome calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia
idiopathic, segmental, thrombosing vasculitis of intermediate and small peripheral arteries and veins; seen in heavy smokers Buerger's disease
intermittent claudication, superficial nodular phlebitis, and cold sensitivity, severe pain in affected part (may lead to gangrene) are characteristic of what? Buerger's disease
what is the treatment for Buerger's disease? quit smoking
what type of arteries does Takayasu's arteritis affect? medium and large arteries
granulomatous thickening of aortic arch and/or proximal great vessels; elevated ESR Takayasu's arteritis ("pulseless disease")
who does Takayasu's arteritis primarily affect? Asian females under 40
what are the symptoms of Takayasu's arteritis? fever, arthritis, night sweats, myalgia, skin nodules, ocular disturbances, weak pulses in upper extremities:
this is the most common vasculitis that affects medium and small arteries, usually branches of the carotid temporal/giant cell arteritis
unilateral headache, jaw claudication, impaired vision (occlusion of ophthalmic artery, which can lead to blindness) temporal/giant cell arteritis
half of patients with temporal arteritis have what? systemic involvement and polymyalgia rheumatica (proximal muscle pain, periarticular pain)
what is elevated in temporal arteritis? what is the treatment? elevated ESR; steroids are Rx
necrotizing immune complex inflammation of medium-sized muscular arteries, typically involving renal and visceral vessels polyarteritis nodosa
approximately 30% of patients with polyarteritis nodosa are seropositive for what? Hep B
multiple aneurysms and constrictions are seen on angiogram in what disease? polyarteritis nodosa
what is the treatment for polyarteritis nodosa? corticosteroids, cylophosphamide
Created by: Asclepius
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