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USMLE
MSK 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heberden's nodes (DIP) and Bouchard's nodes (PIP) | osteoarthritis |
| pain in weight-bearing joints after use that improves with rest | osteoarthritis |
| destruction of articular cartilage, subchondral bone formation, sclerosis, osteophytes, and eburnation are associated with what? | osteoarthritis |
| what are joint mice? what are they associated with? | osteophytes that fracture and float into synovial fluid along with fragments of separated cartilage - seen in osteoarthritis |
| pannus formation in joints, especially MCP, PIP | rheumatoid arthritis |
| morning stiffness improving with use; symmetric joint involvement, and systemic symptoms (fever, fatigue, pleuritis, pericarditis) | rheumatoid arthritis |
| Rx for severe cases of osteoporosis? | bisphosphonates or pulsatile PTH |
| type I osteoporosis? | postmenopausal - increased bone resorption due to decreased estrogen levels |
| type II osteoporosis? | senile osteoporosis - affects men and women over 70 |
| what types of fractures are associated with type I osteoporosis? | vertebral crush fractures - acute back pain, loss of height, kyphosis |
| what type of fractures are associated with type II osteoporosis? | distal radius (Colles') fractures, vertebral wedge fractures |
| in this disease there is a failure of normal bone resorption that leads to thickened, dense bones | osteopetrosis (marble bone disease) |
| in this disease osteoclasts function abnormally | osteopetrosis |
| what level of alk phos is osteopetrosis associated with? | normal |
| what causes osteitis fibrosa cystica? | hyperparathyroidism |
| this disease is characterized by 'brown tumors', high serum calcium, low serum phosphorus, and high alk phos | osteitis fibrosa cystica |
| these are cystic spaces lined by osteoclasts, filled with fibrous stroma and sometimes blood | brown tumors (seen in osteitis fibrosa cystica) |
| in this disease there is abnormal bone architecture caused by an increase in both osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity | Paget's disease (osteitis deformans) |
| what level of alk phos is Paget's disease associated with? | increased (normal serum calcium, phosphorus, adn PTH) |
| in this disease, bone is replaced by fibroblasts, collagen, and irregular bony trabeculae | polyostotic fibrous dysplasia |
| Albright's syndrome is a form of what? | polyostotic fibrous dysplasia |
| multiple unilateral bone lesions, unilateral ppigmented skin lesions, precocious puberty | Albright's syndrome |
| pain and stiffness in shoulders and hips, often with fever, malaise and weight loss; doesn't cause muscular weakness | polymyalgia rheumatica |
| what is polymyalgia rheumatica associated with? | temporal (giant cell) arteritis; occurs in patients over 50 |
| is ESR increased or decreased in polymyalgia rheumatica? | increased |
| progressive proximal muscle weakness caused by CD8+ T cell-induced injury to myofibers | polymyositis |
| muscle biopsy with evidence of inflammation is diagnostic for what? | polymyositis |
| increased CK, increased aldolase, and positive ANA, anti-Jo-1 | polymyositis/dermatomyositis |
| Raynaud's, arthralgias, myalgias, fatigue, esophageal hypomotility | mixed CT disease |
| antibodies to U1RNP? | mixed connective tissue disease |
| what is the classic triad of Sjogren's syndrome? | xerophthalmia, xerostomia, arthritis |
| patients with Sjogren's syndrome are at increased risk for what? | B cell lymphoma |
| what is enlarged in Sjogren's syndrome? | parotids |
| what patients does Sjogren's primarily affect? | females between 40-60 |
| autoantibodies to ribonucleoprotein antigens, SS-A (Ro), SS-B (La) | Sjogren's |
| fever, fatigue, weight loss, nonbacterial verrucous endocarditis, hilar adenopathy, and Raynaud's | SLE |
| what are the kidney findings in SLE? | wire loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition (with nephrotic syndrome) |
| what part of the SI does celiac sprue tend to affect? | jejunem |
| what skin finding is celiac sprue associated with? | dermatitis herpetiformis |
| what malignancy is celiac sprue most strongly affiliated with? | T cell lymphoma |
| blunting of villi and lymphocytes in the lamina propria are suggestive of what? | celiac sprue |
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Asclepius
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