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Biology Cells 2.1-2.

Cells 2.1-2.3

QuestionAnswer
Outline cell theory 1. All living things are made of one or more cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function. 3. Cells come only from existing cells.
Evidence for all living things are made of cells Use of microscopes
Robert Hooke (1665)Examined cork with an improved compound microscope, coined term "cell"
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1650-1700) Used a simple (x200) lens to observe unicellular organisms and nuclei, used the term 'animalcules' for bacteria
Matthias Schleiden (1838) Concludes that all plants are mane of cells or cell products
Theodor Schwann (1839) Suggested all animals are made of cells or cell products
Rudolph Virchow Showed that all cells arise from pre-existing cells
Evidence for cells being the smallest units of life Discovery of viruses, biochemical investigation of organelles
Cells come from preexisting cells evidence Pasteur's observations (studied microorganisms in ponds), observations of behavior of cells at division
Cells contain a blueprint of growth, development, and behavior Observations of the behavior of a chromosome
Cells are the site of the chemical reactions of life Discovery of enzyme, discovery of biochemical events, discovery of cell ultrastructure
1nm, 10nm, 100nm, 1um, 10um, 100um molecules, membrane thickness, organelles, bacteria, viruses, and eukaryote cells
rate of increasing surface area versus volume Volume increases faster than surface area
emergent properties When specialization of cells occurs and each cell does an individual part and they come together to function as a multicellular organism
How specialization works Only certain genes are expressed
One therapeutic use of stem cells treats heart attacks, which is when sections of your heart die and don't beat correctly and then stem cells are injected into the dead tissue and it regulates the heart and helps electrical signals to make it beat
Nucleus storage of DNA, manages cell functions
Cell wall made of cellulose, proteins, carbs, functions as a boundary and provides structure and support
Cytoplasm makes cell 3D, contains salts, minerals, and organic materials, functions by surrounding the organelle
Cytoskeleton network of microtubules and microfilaments, acts as a support system for organelles and maintains cells shape
Ribosomes 2 subunits of protein and RNA brought together by nRNA, functions as the location for protein synthesis
Smooth/rough endoplasmic reticulum system of membranous tubules and sacs that function as an intracellular highway: synthesis of lipids and breakdown of toxic substances/studded with ribosomes
Golgi apparatus stacked, flat discs that receive proteins, modify them, and then distribute them to other organelles or out of the cell
Mitochondria folded inner membrane with outer membrane folds called cristae, converts food energy to usable energy through cellular respiration
lysosomes spherical organelle with hydrolytic enzymes within one membrane; breaks down food particles, invading objects, or worn out cell parts
peroxisomes spherical and contains enzymes within single membrane; degrades hydrogen peroxide
cilia flagella hairlike organelles extended from surface used for cell mobility
Basal bodies anchor cilia and flagella
Centrioles 9 sets of microtubues in a ring that play a part in mitosis (cell division)
vacuoles sac of fluid with membrane, large in plants, temporarily stores waste, nutrients, and water
chloroplast stacked sacs (thykaloids, stacks=granum) that contain chlorophyll surrounded by a double membrane
secretory pathway vesicles go from rough ER to golgi apparatus, them bud off on mictrotubules to the membrane and fuse with the membrane and leave through exocytosis
extracellular component of plants cell wall
extracellular component of animals glycoproteins
Created by: erintg
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