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USMLE
Repro Pharm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which drugs cause gynecomastia as a side effect? | Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers! - Spironolactone, Digitalis, Cimetidine, Alcohol, Ketoconazole |
| Finasteride use and mechanism | used for BPH and male-pattern baldness; blocks 5-alpha-reductase to prevent conversion of T to DHT |
| Flutamide use and mechanism | nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of androgens. blocks T receptor. Used in prostate carcinoma |
| Kotoconazole use and mechanism | inhibits steroid synthesis; used in treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome to prevent hirsutism |
| Spironolactone use and mechanism | inhibits steroid binding; used in Polycystic ovarian syndrome to prevent hirsutism |
| Mechanism of Leuprolide? | GnRH analog with agonist properties when used in pulsatile fashion. Antagonist when used continuously. |
| Uses of Leuprolide? | Infertility (pulsatile); prostate cancer (continuous use with flutamide); uterine fibroids |
| Toxicity of Leuprolide? | antiandrogen, nausea, vomiting |
| Sildenafil, Vardenafil mechanism | Inhibits cGMP phosphodiesterase --> increased cGMP --> smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum --> increased blood flow --> PENILE ERECTION! |
| Toxicity of Sildenafil and Vardenafil? | HA, flushing, dyspepsia, impaired blue-green color vision. DO NOT USE WITH NITRATES!!! causes hypotension |
| mechanism of Mifepristone (RU-486)? | competitive inhibitor of progestins at progesterone receptors |
| clinical use of mifepristone | termination of pregnancy. used with misoprostol (PGE1) |
| toxicity of mifepristone | heavy bleeding, GI effects (nausea, vomiting, anorerxia), abdominal pain |
| advantages of OCPs? | decreased risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer; decreased incidence of ectopic pregnancy, decreased pelvic infections, regulation of menses |
| disadvantages of OCPs? | no protection against STDs, increased triglycerides, depression, weight gain, nausea, hypertension, hypercoagulable state |
| What is Dinoprostone? | PGE2 analog causing cervical dilation and uterine contraction, inducing labor |
| Ritodrine/Terbutaline are what? | B2 agonists that relax the uterus |
| What is anastrozole? | aromatase inhibitor used in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. |
| What are the toxicities of estrogens (ethinyl estradiol, DES, mestranol) | increased risk of endometrial cancer, bleeding in postmenopausal women, clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina in females exposed to DES in utero, increased risk of thrombi |
| What is the toxicity of testosterone? | masculinization in females; reduces intratesticular testosterone in males by inhibiting Leydig cells; leads to gonadal atrophy. premature closure of epiphyseal plates. increased LDL, decreased HDL |
| Mechanism of Clomiphene? | partial agonist at estrogen receptors in pituitary gland. prevents normal feedback inhibition and increased release of LH and FSH from pituitary, which stimulates ovulation |
| Uses of Clomiphene? | treat infertility and PCOS. |
| toxicity of clomiphene? | hot flashes, ovarian enlargement, multiple pregnancies, visual disturbances |
| mechanism of Tamoxifen? | estrogen antagonist on breast tissue. used to prevent recurrence of ER-positive breast cancer |
| mechanism and use of Raloxifene? | estrogen agonist on bone; reduces reabsorption of bone; used to treat osteoporosis |
Created by:
Asclepius
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