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Module 4
Airway management, respiration, and ventilation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| septum | a wall between two cavities |
| aspiration | the entry of secretions or foreign material into the trachea and lungs |
| inhalation | the process of breathing in and moving air into the lungs; route of administration for drugs that are a gas or fine mist. also called inspiration |
| exhalation | the process of breathing out and moving air out of the lungs; also called expiration. |
| agonal breathing | slow and shallow breathing that is sometimes seen just before the onset of respiratory failure |
| head tilt-chin lift maneuver | effective method for opening the airway in a patient with no known or suspected trauma to the head or neck |
| modified jaw-thrust maneuver | a variation of the conventional jaw thrust where the patient's lower jaw is moved forward the head and cervical spine are stabilized in a neutral position to minimize movement |
| foreign body airway obstruction (FBAQ) | a partial or complete blockage of the conducting airways due to a foreign body, such as a piece of food, bleeding into the airway, or vomits |
| cardiac arrest | a condition that occurs when the contraction of the heart stops; confirmed by unresponsiveness, absent breathing and absent pulses |
| suctioning | a procedure used to vacuum vomits, saliva, blood, food particles, and other material from a patient's airway |
| recovery position | placement of an unresponsive patient who is breathing and in no need of CPR (and in whom trauma is not suspected)on the patient's side to help keep the airway open |
| airway adjuncts | devices used to help keep a patient's airway open |
| oral airway | a curved device made of rigid plastic that is inserted into a patient's mouth and used to keep the tongue away from the back of the throat |
| oropharyngeal airway (OPA) | a curved device made of rigid plastic that is inserted into a patient's mouth and used to keep the tongue away from the back of the throat |
| accessory muscles | the internal intercostal muscles; muscles between the ribs, above the collarbones, and in the abdomen used for breathing during periods of respiratory distress |
| respiratory distress | increased work of breathing (respiratory effort) |
| retractions | soft tissues that "sink in" between and around the ribs or above the collarbones |
| tripod position | position in which a patient sits up and leans forward, with the weight of the upper body supported by the hands on the thighs or knees; allows a patient to draw in more air and better expand her lungs |
| stridor | a harsh, high-pitched sound that suggests the upper airway is partially blocked |
| snoring | a loud breathing sound that suggests the upper airway is partially blocked by the tongue |
| gurgling | a wet sound that suggests that fluid is collecting in the patient's upper airway |
| paradoxical chest movement | movement of a segment of the chest wall in an opposite direction from the rest of the chest during respiration |
| respiratory failure | inadequate blood oxygenation and/or ventilation to meet the demands of the body tissues |
| respiratory arrest | an absence of breathing |
| onboard oxygen | large oxygen cylinders carried on an ambulance |
| pressure regulator | a device used to reduce pressure in an oxygen cylinder to a sage range, allowing the release of oxygen from the cylinder in a controlled manner |
| flow meter | a valve that controls the liters of oxygen delivered per minute |
| nonrebreather (NRB) mask | an oxygen delivery device with a reservoir that is designed to deliver high-concentration oxygen |
| nasal cannula | an oxygen delivery device that consists of plastic tubing with two soft prongs that are inserted into the patient's nostrils and through which oxygen is delivered to the patient |
| blow-by oxygen | method of oxygen delivery in which the device used to deliver oxygen does not make actual contact with the patient |
| positive-pressure ventilation | forcing air into a patient's lungs |
| cricoid pressure | application of pressure to the cricoid cartilage; this pushes the trachea backward and compresses the esophagus against the cervical vertebrae, decreasing the amount of air entering the stomach during positive-pressure ventilation; also called Sellick |
| pocket mask | a piece of equipment used for mouth-to-mask ventilation that provides a physical barrier between the rescuer and the patient's nose, mouth, and secretions; also called a pocket face mask, ventilation face mask, or resuscitation mask. |
| barrier device | a thin film of plastic or silicone that is placed on the patient's face to prevent direct contact with the patient's mouth during positive-pressure ventilation |
| bag-mask (BM) device | a self-inflating bag used to force air into a patient's lungs |
| compliance | the ability of a patient's lung tissue to distend (inflate) with ventilation |
| laryngectomy | the surgical removal of the larynx |
| stoma | an artificial opening |
| tracheal stoma | a permanent opening at the front of the neck that extends from the skin surface to the trachea, opening the trachea to the atmosphere |
| tracheostomy | the creation of a surgical opening into the trachea through the neck, with insertion of a tube to aid passage of air or removal of secretions; the surgical opening created is called a stoma |
Created by:
AMZenger
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