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LifeScience McLendon

Chapter 2

QuestionAnswer
Ecology Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment, such as the interactions organisms have with each other and with their abiotic environment.
Biotic Biotic components are the living things that shape an ecosystem.
Abiotic In Biology and Ecology abiotic components or abiotic factors are those non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems.
5 levels of environmental 1. organsism 2. population 3. community 4. ecosystem 5. biosphere
Organism In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as a vertebrate, insect, plant or bacterium.
Population A group of indaviduals that live togeather.
Community Contains a sertain spesias in a sertan area.
Ecosystem An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system.
Biosphere The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems. It can also be termed the zone of life on Earth, a closed system, and largely self-regulating.
Producer/Autotroph An autotroph is an organism that produces complex organic compounds from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light or inorganic chemical reactions.
Consumer/Heterotroph A heterotroph is an organism that cannot fix carbon and uses organic carbon for growth. Heterotrophs can be further divided based on how they obtain energy.
Herbivore A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet.
Carnivore A carnivore meaning 'meat eater' is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging.
Omnivore An omnivore is an animal that can derive its energy and nutrients from a diet consisting of a variety of food sources that may include plants, animals, algae, fungi and bacteria.
Scavenger an animal that feeds on carrion, dead plant material, or refuse.
Decomposer Decomposers or saprotrophs are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, and in doing so carry out the natural process of decomposition.
Food Web A food web depicts feeding connections in an ecological community and hence is also referred to as a consumer-resource system.
Food Chain A food chain is a linear sequence of links in a food web starting from a species that are called producers in the web and ends at a species that is called decomposers species in the web.
Energy Pyramid An enerygy pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or biomass productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem. Biomass is the amount of living or organic matter present in an organism.
Limiting Factor A limiting factor limits the growth or development of an organism, population, or process.
Carrying Capacity The carrying capacity of a biological species in an environment is the population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water and other necessities available in the environment
Predator Any organism that exists by preying upon other organisms.
Prey An animal hunted or seized for food.
Predator Adaptations Predator adaptations help many predators catch their prey.
Prey Adaptations Prey Adaptations help the prey to avoid being eaten.
Symbiosis Symbiosis is close and often long-term interaction between two or more different biological species.
Mutualism Mutualism is the way two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which each individual benefits.
Commensalism In ecology, commensalism is a class of relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits without affecting the other.
Paristitsm A relation between organisms in which one lives as a parasite on another.
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