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GI Drugs
GI drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What stimulates the vomiting center in the medulla? | emetics |
| What regurgitates the contents in the stomach and the upper duodenum? | emetics |
| Amorphine is what kind of drug? | emetic |
| Syrup of Ipecac is what kind of drug? | emetic |
| How do you give amorphine? | parental |
| How do you give syrup of ipecac? | by mouth |
| Name one advantage and one disadvantage of amorphine. | 1.15 min onset 2.sedative effect |
| Name one advantage of syrup of ipecac and one disadvantage. | 1.safe 2.30 min onset |
| Who should you not give emetics to? | 1.pts. with decr. gag reflex 2.pts. that ingested petroleum distilants or caustic materials |
| What should you do every time you give an emetic? | Follow with charcoal. |
| What class of drug is simethicone/ Mylicon? | Antiflatulent |
| What is the function of an antiflatulent? | Disperse gas pockets. |
| When would you use simethicone/ Mylicon? | Prior to a diagnostic procedure of the abdomen. |
| What is an adverse effect of an antiflatulent? | Expulsion of excess gas. |
| Name the three digestive agents. | 1.Gastric (HCl) 2.Pancreatic (Pancreatin) 3.Hepatic (Bile Salts) |
| What is HCl used for? | Treats hypochlohdyria because an acidic pH is required to change pepsinogen to pepsin. |
| How do you administer HCl? | Via a straw to prevent damage to tooth enamel. |
| What type of patient would you not give HCl to? | One with PUD. (contraindication) |
| Pancreatin is used as: | replacement therapy and taken with meals |
| What are Bile Salts used for? | 1.Stimulate the production of bile and promote bile flow from liver. 2.Prevent gallstones |
| Who would you not give Bile Salts to? | Pts. with biliary obstruction. |
| What are the two types of anti-diarrheal drugs? | 1.Systemic: Opium derivative (Lomotil) 2.Topical: Kaopectate |
| How does Lomotil work? | By decreasing peristalsis in the large and small intestine. |
| How does Kaopectate work? | 1.It is an adsorbent and has a soothing effect on the intestines. 2.Mild action |
| What do you use Lomotil for? | 1.acute non-specific diarrhea 2.as an additive to feeding to tubes to prevent diarrhea |
| What do you use Kaopectate for? | To treat diarrhea causes by bacteria or toxin. |
| What is a side effect of Kaopectate? | It decreases the absorption of some medications. |
| What should nurses do when giving anti-diarrheals? | 1.assess bowel functions 2.do not use for more than 48 hrs |
| Name the types of laxatives. | 1.Hyperosmolars 2.Fiber/Bulk forming 3.Emolient/Stool softener 4.Stimulants/Irritants 5.Lubricant |
| What are three types of Hyperosmolars? | 1.MOM 2.Fleets 3.Glycerin suppository |
| What is the function of a hyperosmolar? | They have an osmotic effect. |
| What would you use to evacuate a large bowel? | hyperosmolar |
| What is the onset of action for hyperosmolars? | 1.PO:12-24hrs 2.suppository:30min |
| Name the side effects of hyperosmolars. | 1.hypovolemia 2.electrolyte imbalance 3.abdominal cramping |
| Name a fiber/bulk forming laxative. | Metamucil |
| What is the function of Metamucil? | To increase the fecal bulk and water content. |
| What is the onset of action for fiber/bulk forming laxative? | 2-4 days |
| Why would you use Metmucil? | 1.Prevent constipation 2.Treat diarrhea |
| What is a side effect of fiber/bulk forming laxatives? | Obstruction due to decreased water intake during administration. |
| Name an emolient/ stool softener. | Surfak |
| What is the function of Surfak? | Causes water to enter the stool. |
| What is the onset of action for Surfak? | 1-3 days |
| When would you use an emolient/stool softener? | 1.pt. who should avoid straining at stool 2.for pts. with diseases of the rectum or anus |
| Name a stimulant/irritant. | Ducolax |
| What is the function of stimulants/irritants? | Directly irritates the bowel and stimulates the nerve endings of the intestinal smooth muscle. |
| What is the onset of action for Ducolax? | 1.PO:6-12hrs 2.suppository:30min |
| Why would you use a stimulant/irritant? | To empty the bowel. It is very potent. |
| What are the side effects of Ducolax? | 1.Discolor urine 2.cause renal fissures |
| Who would you not give a stimulant/irritant to? | Patients with 1.abdominal pain 2.nausea 3.rectal fissures 4.vomiting |
| What is Mineral Oil? | A lubricant. |
| What do you use mineral oil for? | To treat and prevent constipation. To treat impaction. |
| What is the onset of a lubricant? | 1.po:6-8hrs 2.enema-2hrs |
| What is the function of mineral oil? | It creates a barrier between stool and colon wall, retaining water in the stool. |
| What are the side effects of lubricants? | 1.decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins 2. lipid aspiration |
| What are the contraindications of lubricants? | Do not give to patients who have recently had rectal surgery. |
| What should you teach patients to avoid having to use laxatives? | 1.consume adequate bulk and fiber 2.get adequate exercise 3.respond readily to defecation impulses 4.allow sufficient time to defecate 5.decrease emotional stress |
| Name the types of antiemetics. | 1.antihistimine 2.Phenthiazides 3.other |
| Name a drug that is a antihistamine antiemetic. | Benadryl |
| What are antihistamine antiemetics used for? | To treat motion sickness and nausea associated with narcotics. |
| What are the side effects of Benadryl? | 1.sedation 2.anticholinergic effects |
| How would you administer Benadryl? | 1.IM 2.Suppository 3.PO |
| Name a phenothiazide antiemetic. | Phenergan |
| What is the function of Phenergan? | Blocks the CNS receptors. |
| What are some side effects of phenothiazide antiemetics? | 1.sedation 2.photosensitivity |
| How does Emetecon work? | It centrally inhibits nausea associated with anesthesia. |
| Why is Emetecon a good antiemetic? | It rarely causes sedation. |
| What is the name of a transdermal patch used to treat nausea from motion sickness. | Scopolamine |
| How does Reglan work? | It increases GI motility and supresses the vomiting center. Often used with tube feedings. |
| What is PUD caused by? | 1.increased HCl production 2.damage to mucosal layers due to drugs 3.increased nocturnal acid production |
| What types of drugs treat PUD? | 1.antacids 2. histamine receptor antagonists 3.other |
| How do antacids treat PUD? | They mix with stomach contents to raise the pH(3-3.5) |
| What is the duration of action for antacids? | 1.empty stomach:1hr 2.with meals:3hrs |
| What kind of drugs would you use to treat and prevents heartburn and PUD? | antacids |
| What are some side effects of antacids? | 1.diarrhea 2.constipation 3.electrolyte imbalance |
| Name some histamine (H2) receptor antagonists. | 1.cimetidine/Tagamet 2.fomatidine/Pepcid 3.rantidine/Zantac |
| How does Tagamet work? | It binds with H2 receptor sites and prevents HCl secretion. |
| Which drug adheres to ulcer sites and forms a protective barrier around it. | Sucralfate/carafate |
| Which drug is used in the short term treatment of reflux exophagitis? | omeprazole/Prilosec |
| How does Prilosec work? | It inhibits a step in the acid production process. |
Created by:
aml2683
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