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Histology
Integumentary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The 2 main layers of skin are? | Epidermis and the dermis |
| Common name for sudoriferous gland? | Sweat gland |
| Common name for sebaceous gland? | Oil gland. (Associated with hair follicles; secrete sebum) |
| Ceruminous gland are found in ________ and secrete ________. | external auditory meatus; cerumen |
| Mammary glands are modified ________. | Sweat glands |
| Epidermis is composed of what? | Stratified squamous epithelium |
| What are the 5 layers of the thick epidermis? | Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum |
| Thick skin is located where? | palms and the soles of feet |
| Stratum basale is also called the? | Stratum germinativum |
| Stratum basale contains stem cells that give rise to? | Keratinocytes |
| Basale cells also contain? | Melanin |
| Basal cells are connected to the basal lamina via what? | Hemidesmosomes |
| Stratum spinosum desmosomes appear as thickenings called what? | nodes of Bizzozero |
| The most superficial layer of the nonkeratinized portion of the epidermis is the....? | Stratum granulosum |
| Stratum granulosum contain...? | keratohyalin granules |
| Keratohyalin granules contain what? | cysteine and histidine-rich proteins |
| Cysteine and histidine proteins are precursors of what? | Filagrin |
| Filagrin does what? | aggregates the keratin filaments present in the cornified cells of the stratum corneum. |
| This layer is considered a subdivision of the stratum corneum? | Stratum lucidum |
| Which layer has cells filled entirely with keratin? | Stratum corneum |
| Papillary layer consist of...? | Loose connective tissue |
| Dermal papillae are ridges that protrude the epidermis forming what? | Finger prints |
| Papillary layer contains what 2 collagen fibers? | Type I and type III |
| What 2 layers form the dermis? | Papillary and reticular layers |
| Collagen and elastic fibers are regularly oriented to form regular lines of tension in the skin called...? | Langer's lines |
| Excessive stretching of the reticular layer can result in what? | Linea albicans (stretch marks) |
| Panniculus adiposes is a layer of the hypodermis that contains what? | Adipose tissue |
| Smooth muscle in the subcutaneous fascia of the scrotum is called...? | Dartos muscles |
| Dartos muscles regulate what? | Heat loss |
| The vestigial layer of striated muscle deep to the subcutaneous fascia is called ...? | Panniculus carnosus |
| Keratinocytes produce what? | Keratin |
| Keratinocytes synthesize ________ in the ______ ______. | keratohyalin granules, stratum granulosum |
| Keratohyalin granules contain what 2 things? | Filaggrin and trichohyalin |
| Filaggrin and trichohyalin form keratin filaments into what? | Tonofilaments |
| Keratinocytes produces what in the stratum spinosum? | Lamellar bodies |
| Melanin is produced by the oxidation of __________ by _________. | 3,4-dihydroxylphenylalanine (DOPA), tyrosinase |
| Melanocytes are derived from what? | Neural crest cells |
| What enzyme is lacking in individuals with albinism? | Tyrosinase |
| Waardenburg syndrome features what physical traits? | Patches of white hair and skin. |
| Waardenburg syndrome occurs during gestation because of what? | Faulty migration/proliferation of neural crest cells. |
| Waardenburg syndrome results from mutations in what gene? | PAX3 |
| Langerhans cell is part of what system? | Mononuclear phagocytic system |
| What cell is abundant in skin where sensory perception is acute? | Merkel's cells |
| Merkel's cell is associated with what? | Terminal bulb of an afferent myelinated axon. |
| The neuron plus the epidermal (Merkel's) cell is a what? | Merkel's corpuscle |
| Sebum is an oily substance that does what? | Lubricates and waterproofs hair |
| The sebaceous gland is connected to the hair follicle by the what? | Pilosebaceous duct |
| Eccrine sweat glands are also called...? | sudoriferous glands |
| Ceruminous glands and glands of the eyelashes (glands of Moll) are what type of sweat gland? | Apocrine gland |
| The nail is composed of what? | Plates of keratinized cells that contain hard keratin. |
| The half moon shaped, white area at the base of the nail is called what? | Lunula |
| The cuticle is also know as what? | Eponychium |
| Epidermal repair is produced by what 2 processes? | Basal cell proliferation or by proliferation of cells from hair follicles and sweat glands. |
| Dermal repair requires what? | Removal of damaged collagen fibers and proliferation of fibroblasts and subsequent collagen and extracellular matrix. |
Created by:
shuckybean
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