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OGT Biology-Cells
OGT Biology - Cells - Mrs. Martinez
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | basic unit of structure and function for life |
| organelle | part of cell that performs a specific job |
| cytoplasm | jelly-like substance that makes up most of cell's volume |
| nucleus | contains DNA; membrane-bound cell part found in eukaryotes responsible for housing DNA |
| ribosomes | small organelle on which proteins are made (synthesized) |
| lysosomes | organelle which breaks down nutrients, bacteria, and old organelles |
| vacuole | chemical storage; in plants, also for osmotic balance |
| chloroplast | found in plants, protists, some bacteria; photosynthesis takes place here |
| mitochondria | organelle which converts sugars to chemical energy (ATP) |
| cell wall | thick covering outside the cell membrane; for cell shape and structure as well as protection |
| centrioles | control movements during cell replication (reproduction) |
| flagellum | a tail-like part attached to the cell for locomotion (movement) |
| DNA | chemicals housed in nucleus (in eukaryotes) or floating in cytoplasm (prokaryotes); carry genetic information for making proteins |
| photosynthesis | process by which light energy is used to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen |
| chemosynthesis | process by which certain chemicals are broken down to release energy that can be used to make food molecules |
| ATP | adenosine triphospate; a full battery; molecule which carries energy in the phosphate bonds; can be used by any part of the body of any organism |
| cellular respiration | process by which food molecules are broken down to release energy in the form of ATP; begun in cytoplasm and finished in mitochondria |
| diffusion | process by which molecules go in and out of cells but requires no energy; molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| osmosis | diffusion of water |
| passive transport | movement of molecules which requires no energy |
| active transport | movement of molecules which requires energy |
| endocytosis | process by which large molecules are taken into the cell |
| exocytosis | process by which large molecules are put out of the cell |
| eukaryote | cell which has a nucleus, many different cellular organelles |
| prokaryote | cell which has no nucleus and few organelles; these are all bacteria |
| cell replication | process by which a cell reproduces |
| binary fission | asexual process used by prokaryotes to reproduce; the DNA is copied and then the cell splits in two |
| mitosis | asexual process used by a eukaryotic cell to duplicate its chromosomes and distribute them equally to the daughter cells; results in 2 identical body cells |
| meiosis | process used by multicellular eukaryotes to make sex cells (gametes);results in 4 non-identical sperm cells or 1 egg cell (and 3 dead polar bodies) |
| differentiation | process by which identical cells in a new embryo turn certain genes on or off so that each cell has different jobs (like nerve cells, muscle cells, blood cells, etc.) |
Created by:
bioteacherjm
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