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Ecology Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ecology | the study of interactions of living organisms one with another and with their environment |
| biotic | describes living factors in the environment |
| abiotic | describes nonliving factors in the environment includes: water, rocks, light and temperature |
| 5 levels of enviornmental organisation | organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere |
| organism | a living thing; anything that can carry out life process independently |
| population | a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area |
| community | all of the populations of species that live in the same habitat and interact with each other |
| ecosystem | a community of organisms and their environment and interact with each other |
| biosphere | the part of earth where life exists; includes all of the living organisms on earth |
| producer/ autotroph | an organism that can make it's own food by using energy from it's surroundings |
| consumer/ heterotroph | an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter |
| herbivore | an organism that eats only plants |
| carnivore | an organism that eats animal |
| omnivore | an organism that eats both plants and animals |
| scavenger | an animal that feeds on dead plant matter or dead animals |
| decomposer | an organism that gets it energy from breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal waste and absorbing or consuming the nutrients |
| food web | a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem |
| food chain | the pathway of energy transfer through various stages as a result of the feeding patterns of a series of organisms |
| energy pyramid | a triangular diagram that shows an ecosystem's loss of energy which results as energy passes through the ecosystem's food chain |
| limiting factor | a resource that is so scarce that it limits the size of the population |
| carrying capacity | the largest population that an environment can support any given time |
| predator | an organism that kills and eats part or all of another organism |
| prey | an organism that is killed and eaten by another organism |
| predator adaptions | methods and abilities of a predator to catch their prey |
| prey adaptions | methods or abilities to keep from being eaten |
| symbiosis | a relationship in which 2 different organisms live in close association with each other |
| mutualism | a relationship between two species in which both benefit |
| commensalism | a relationship between two organisms in which one benefits and the other is unaffected |
| parasitism | a relationship between two species in which the parasite benefits from the other species while the host is harmed |
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