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2.2 & 2.3 Vocabulary

TermDefinition
classification the process of grouping things based on their similarities.
taxonomy the scientific study of how living things are classified.
binomial nomenclature each organism is given a unique,two-part scientific name.
genus a classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms.
species a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce.
prokaryote organisms whose cells lack a nucleus.
nucleus a dense area in a cell that contains nucleic acids.
eukaryote organisms with cells that contain nuclei.
cell the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.
microscope an instrument that makes small objects look larger.
cell theory a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.
organism living things
unicellular
muticellular composed of many cells that are specialized to do certain tasks.
stimulus a change in an organism's surroundings that causes the organism to react.
response An action or change in behavior.
development the process of change that occurs during an organism's life to produce a more complex organism.
spontaneous generation the mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving material.
autotroph organisms that make their own food.
heterotroph organisms that cannot make their own food.
homeostasis the maintenance of stable internal conditions.
organelle carry out specific functions within the cell.
cell wall a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
cell membrane controls what substances come into and out of a cell.
cytoplasm the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
mitochondria known as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.
endoplasmic reticulum passageways carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.
ribosome function as factories to produce proteins.
Golgi body receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell.
chloroplast captures energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell.
vacuole the storage areas of cells.
lysosome small, round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell.
Created by: Julian Camarillo
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