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APSC
Chapter 1 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Animal Science | combination of disciplines that together comprise the study of domestic animals |
| Avian | pertaining to poultry and/or fowl |
| Barrow | a castrated male hog |
| Boar | an intact male hog |
| Broiler | a chicken of either sex produced and used for meat purposes |
| Buck | term used for both an intact male rabbit an intact male goat |
| Calorie | measurement of food energy;a kilocalorie is the amount of heat to raise temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius |
| Chick | young chicken or gamebird of either sex from 1 day old to about 5 to 6 weeks old |
| Colt | young male horse |
| Doe | a female goat; a female rabbit |
| Domestic animals | species that have been brought under control by humans and have adapted to life with humans |
| Equine | pertaining to horses |
| Ewe | female sheep |
| Foal | newborn horse of either sex; term is sometimes used up to the time of weaning, after which "colt" and "filly" are more likely used |
| Gelding | castrated male horse |
| Gilt | any female pig that has not given birth; sometimes producers use this term after the first litter is born and call a first-litter sow a first-litter gilt |
| Hen | mature female chicken or turkey |
| Husbandry | combined animal care and management practices |
| Lamb | a sheep under 1 year of age; also, the meat from a sheep under 1 year of age |
| Layer | a hen in the physiological state of producing eggs regularly |
| Mare | mature female horse |
| Meat | the flesh of animals used for food |
| Per capita | per unit of population |
| Pork | meat from a hog |
| Poultry | domestic birds raised for eggs and meat |
| Rooster | mature, male chicken; also referred to as "cock" |
| Sow | female pig that has given birth |
| Stallion | mature, male horse that is not castrated |
| Tom | intact male turkey; also called a gobbler |
| Beef | meat from cattle other than calves |
| Bovine | refers to cattle |
| Bull | intact male bovine |
| Calf | young bovine animal under one year of age (male or female) |
| Caprine | refers to goats |
| Cwt | Abbreviation for hundredweight (100 lbs.) |
| Heifer | young female bovine before having her first calf |
| Mutton | meat from a sheep one year of age or older |
| Ovine | refers to sheep |
| Porcine | refers to swine |
| Steer | castrated male bovine |
| Biometry | application of statistics to topics in biology |
| Filly | young female horse |
| Agriculture | combination of science and art used to cultivate and grow crops and livestock and process the products |
| Culture | set of occupational activities, economic structures, beliefs/values, social forms, and material traits that define our actions and activities |
| Hunter-gatherers | people that support their needs by hunting game, fishing, and gathering edible and medicinal plants |
| Farmers | anyone who practices agriculture by managing and cultivating livestock and/or crops |
| Civilization | what we consider a fairly high level of cultural and technological development |
| Genetics | science of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics |
| Heredity | transmission of genetic characteristics from parent to offspring |
| Animal breeding | use of biometry and genetics to improve farm animal production |
| Genetic code | set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material is translated into proteins by living cells |
| Nutrition | study of how organisms take in and use food/feed for body needs and how body uses nutrients |
| Physiology | study of physical and chemical processes of an animal or any of the body systems of cells of the animal |
| Animal health | study of how diseases, parasites, and environmental factors productivity and animal welfare |
| Ethology | study of the biology of animal behavior |
| Applied ethology | study of behavior in domestic animals |
| Meat science | science of handling, distributing, and marketing meat and meat products |
| Dairy product science | science of providing milk and milk products as food |
| Biotechnology | collective set of tools and applications of living organisms, or parts of organisms, to make or modify products, improve plants or animals, or develop microorganisms for specific uses |
| Omnivores | animals that eat both animal- and plant- based feeds |
| Renewable resources | resources that can be replaced or produced by natural ecological cycles or management systems |
| Nutrient density | measurement of the nutrients provided in a food compared to the calories it contains |
| Diet | total of the foods and water being consumed by an individual or group |
| Essential amino acids | amino acids required by the body that must be consumed in the diet |
| Undernourished | receiving inadequate nourishment for proper health and growth |
| Manure | What is a valuable by-product used for fertilizer and other applications? |
| Draft animal | animal whose purpose is to perform work that involves hauling or pulling(ex:ox or horse pulling a plow) |
| Slaughter by-products | What are the source of a large number of industrial and consumer products? |
| Livestock revolution | large increases in supply and demand of livestock and animal products worldwide at the end of the 20th century and into the 21st century |
| Green revolution | dramatic improvements in grain production in developing countries during the 1060s to the 1980s because of technological innovation and application |
| Biofuel | gas or liquid fuel made form biological materials, such as crops and animal waste |
Created by:
David55900
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