Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations

Average Heterozygosity

The average percent of loci that are heterozygous.

Differences in the genetic composition of separate populations.

A graded change in a character along a geographic axis.

Change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA.

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed , producing fertile offspring.

Hardy-Weinberg principle

The gene pool of a population that is not evolving.

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

No mutations, random mating, no natural selection, extremely large population size, no gene flow.

A process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next. Effects are most pronounced in small populations.

Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced, as by a natural disaster or human actions. Typically, the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population.

The transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes.

The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool relative to the contributions of other individuals.

Directional Selection

Occurs when conditions favor individuals exhibiting one extreme of a phenotypic character in one direction or the other.

Occurs when conditions favor individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range over individuals with intermediate phenotypes.

Stabilizing Selection

Acts against both extreme phenotypes and favors intermediate variants.

A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates.

Marked difference between the two sexes in secondary sexual characteristics , which are not directly associated with reproduction or survival.

Intrasexual Selection

Selection within the same sex. Individuals of one sex compete directly for mates of the opposite sex.

Intersexual Selection

Mate Choice. Individuals of one sex (usually females) are choosy in selecting their mates from the other sex.

Occurs when natural selection maintains two or more forms in a population.

When individuals who are heterozygous at a particular locus have greater fitness than do both kinds of homozygous.

Frequency-dependent Selection

The fitness of a phenotype declines if it becomes too common in the population.

Genetic variation that does not appear to provide a selective advantage or disadvantage.

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Bio: Chapter 23

Term	Definition
Microevolution	Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations
Average Heterozygosity	The average percent of loci that are heterozygous.
Geographic Variation	Differences in the genetic composition of separate populations.
Cline	A graded change in a character along a geographic axis.
Mutation	Change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA.
Population	A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed , producing fertile offspring.
Hardy-Weinberg principle	The gene pool of a population that is not evolving.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium	No mutations, random mating, no natural selection, extremely large population size, no gene flow.
Genetic Drift	A process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next. Effects are most pronounced in small populations.
Bottleneck Effect	Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced, as by a natural disaster or human actions. Typically, the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population.
Gene Flow	The transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes.
Relative Fitness	The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool relative to the contributions of other individuals.
Directional Selection	Occurs when conditions favor individuals exhibiting one extreme of a phenotypic character in one direction or the other.
Disruptive Selection	Occurs when conditions favor individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range over individuals with intermediate phenotypes.
Stabilizing Selection	Acts against both extreme phenotypes and favors intermediate variants.
Sexual Selection	A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates.
Sexual Dimorphism	Marked difference between the two sexes in secondary sexual characteristics , which are not directly associated with reproduction or survival.
Intrasexual Selection	Selection within the same sex. Individuals of one sex compete directly for mates of the opposite sex.
Intersexual Selection	Mate Choice. Individuals of one sex (usually females) are choosy in selecting their mates from the other sex.
Balancing Selection	Occurs when natural selection maintains two or more forms in a population.
Heterozygote	When individuals who are heterozygous at a particular locus have greater fitness than do both kinds of homozygous.
Frequency-dependent Selection	The fitness of a phenotype declines if it becomes too common in the population.
Neutral Variation	Genetic variation that does not appear to provide a selective advantage or disadvantage.

Created by: Gianna B

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