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Medical Technology
Illnesses #2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Wound | Break in the skin which usually includes underlying tissues & can be intentional or unintentional. |
| Lesion | Break in the skin, usually used to describe a rash. |
| Erythema | Redness of skin. |
| Jaundice | Yellow color in skin. |
| Ecchymosis | Bruise. |
| Pallor | Paleness to skin. |
| Foot Drop | Difficulty lifting the front part of the foot, which may result in dragging the foot when working. |
| Shingles | Blister-like rash caused by herpes zoster or chicken pox virus. |
| Scabies | Mite that burrows into skin & cause itching & a rash. |
| Incision | Cut made by knife or scalpel. |
| Laceration | Irregular cut or wound. |
| Abrasion | Top layer of skin is scraped or worn off. |
| Puncture | Break in skin where skin closes over the injury. |
| Dermititis | Inflammation or swelling of the skin. |
| Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) | Dry itchy inflamed skin that is not contagious. |
| Bronchiectasis | Bronchial tubes are abnormally enlarged. |
| Sputum | Fluid coughed up from the lungs. |
| Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) | Temporary decrease in blood flow to the part of the brain. |
| Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) | "STROKE" Complete stop of blood flow to part of brain from a clot or broken blood vessel causes tissue death. |
| Parkinson's Disease | Decrease in neurotransmitter that carries nerve impulses, symptoms are muscle tremors, shuffling walk, mask-like face |
| Epilepsy | Seizure disorder. |
| Multiple Sclerosis | Damage to myelin sheath of nerves, symptoms are muscle weakness that starts in hands/feet/eyes then moves inward toward CNS. |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) | Total damage to nerves between spinal cord & muscles, symptoms are progressive weakness that progresses to paralysis. |
| Alzheimer's Disease | Progressive disease which causes decrease in ability to think & remember. |
| Cataracts | Cloudiness & hardening of lens of the eye. |
| Glaucoma | Increases pressure of fluid inside eye. |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | Busting of tiny blood vessels in retina of eye. |
| Macular Degeneration | Deposits in middle area of retina which causes vision loss in middle of visual field. |
| Menieres Disease | Attacks of vertigo, tinnitus, temporary hearing loss, & feelings of pressure/fullness in ears. May lead to deafness. |
| Presbycusis | Loss of hearing high-pitched sounds. |
| Ulcers | Erosion of the wall of the stomach or small intestine. |
| Hernia | Protrusion of organ through a muscle wall. |
| Gall Stones | Stones in gall bladder that block flow of bile. |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) | Stomach contents back up into esophagus, damaging the lining of esophagus. |
| Ileostomy | Removal of all of large intestine. Stool is watery & yellowish. |
| Colonostomy | Removal of part of large intestine. Stool becomes thicker & darker the farther down the intestinal tract is located. |
| Ulcerative Colitis | Chronic inflammation of large intestine, symptoms are cramping, bleeding, diarrhea, pain. |
| Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) | Infection in bladder(cystitis) or urethra(urethritis). |
| Kidney Infection | Infection that travels to kidney(pyelonephritis) |
| Kidney Stones | Calculus from mineral build-up in kidneys. |
| Kidney (Renal) Failure | May be acute or chronic. Kidney's fail to filter blood. |
| Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) | Enlargement of the prostate gland. |
| Urostomy | "IDEAL CONDUIT" ureters are attached to part of the small intestine, which is pulled through the abdominal wall. |
| Ureterostomy | Ureters themselves are pulled through the wall of the abdomen. |
| Graves Disease | Excessive thyroid levels, symptoms are weight loss, inability to sleep, irregular heartbeat, confusion, increased perspiration. |
| Hypothyroidism | Low thyroid hormone, symptoms are weakness, depression, fatigue, anorexia, weight gain, intolerance to cold. |
| Cushing's Syndrome | High glucocorticoids, symptoms are increased facial hair, high blood sugar, fat pockets, bruising, muscle weakness. |
| Addison's Disease | Low glucocorticoids, symptoms are muscle weakness, high blood pressure, muscle atrophy, salt imbalance. |
| Diabetes Mellitus | Abnormal regulation of blood sugar levels due to increased insulin levels or problems using insulin. |