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Vocab

Chp.2

QuestionAnswer
Basic unit of matter atom
The center of the atom which contains the proton and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities nucleus
Negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus electron
Substance consisting entirely of one type of atom element
atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element isotope
Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions compound
Main type of chemical bond along with covalent bond; bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another ionic bond
Positively and negatively charged atoms ion
Main type of chemical bond along with ionic bond; bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms covalent bond
Smallest unit of most compounds molecule
A slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules van der Waals forces
Attraction between molecules if the same substance cohesion
Attraction between molecules of different substances; in plants, attraction between unlike molecules adhesion
Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined. mixture
Mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed solution
Substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution solute
Substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution solvent
Mixture of water and nondissolved materials suspension
Measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14 pH scale
Compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution acid
A compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH+) in solution base
Weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH buffer
Small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers monomer
Large compound formed from combinations of many monomers polymer
Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body carbohydrate
Single sugar molecule monosaccharide
Leave macromolecule formed from monosaccharides polysaccharide
Macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes lipid
Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus nucleic acid
Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base nucleotide
Single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes protein
Compound with an amino group (-NH 2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end amino acid
Process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals chemical reaction
Element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction reactant
Element or compound produced by a chemical reaction product
Energy needed to get a reaction started activation energy
Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction catalyst
Protein that acts as a biological catalyst enzyme
Reactant of a enzyme-catalyze reaction substrate
Created by: rachelebrady
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