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USMLE
New FA Micro 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hepatitis RNA picornavirus | HAV |
| hepatitis DNA hepadnavirus | HBV |
| hepatitis RNA flavivirus | HCV |
| hepatitis delta virus | HDV |
| hepatitis RNA calcivirus | HEV |
| how is HAV trasmitted? | fecal-oral |
| type of hepatitis that is transmitted enterically and causes water-borne epidemics | HEV |
| defective virus that requires HBsAg as its envelope | HDV |
| common cause of transfusion-mediated hepatitis | HCV |
| best test to detect active hepatitis A? | IgM HAVAb |
| continued presenc of what indicates carrier state of HBV? | HBSAg |
| provides immunity to HBV | HBsAb |
| positive during the window period of HBV | HBcAb |
| HBV vaccination - what serologic marker is seen? | HBsAb only |
| rectangular nucleocapsid protein of HIV? | p24 |
| HIV envelope proteins? | gp41 and gp120 |
| what crosses placenta in HIV infected mothers | anti-gp120 |
| CXCR1 mutation | rapid progression to AIDS |
| CCR5 mutation | homozygous - immunity (1% U.S. caucasians), heterozygous - slower course (20% U.S. caucasians) |
| infectious agents that don't contain DNA or RNA, just protein | prions |
| normal prions have what? pathologic prions are what? | normal - alpha helix, pathologic (like CJD) - beta pleated sheets |
| virus family of HPV? | papovavirus |
| aseptic meningitis, herpangina - febrile pharyngitis, hand, foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis | coxsackievirus - picornavirus |
| rotavirus belongs to what family? | reovirus - DS linear segmented RNA |
| hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia, RDS in NM, AZ, CO, UT | hantavirus - member of bunyavirus family (SS circular RNA; helical capsid) |
| ebola/marburg are what types of viruses? | filoviruses - SS linear RNA, helical capsid |
| triad of cutaneous hemorrhages, deafness, and periventricular CNS calcifications in a neonate | congenital CMV infection |
| virulence factor of staph aureus - binds Fc-IgG, inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis | protein A |
| superantigen that binds to MHC II and TCR, resulting in polyclonal T cell activation | TSST - (staph aureus) |
| what makes coagulase? | staph aureus |
| antibody to what enhances host defenses against strep pyogenes? | M protein |
| group A beta-hemolytic strep? | strep pyogenes |
| what detects recent strep pyogenes infections? | ASO titer |
| associated with rusty sputum, sepsis in sickle cell, and splenectomy? | strep pneumo |
| most common cause of meningitis, otitis, pneumonia, sinusitis? | strep pneumo |
| what gives immunity to strep pneumo? | IgG antibodies to surface acidic polysaccharide |
| causes pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis mainly in babies | group B strep (agalactiae) - beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant |
| what is Lancefield grouping based on? | differences in the C carbohydrate on the bacterial cell wall |
| what can grow in 6.5% NaCl | enterococci |
| enterococci can cause what? | UTI, subacute endocarditis, biliary tract infections |
| bacteria related to colon cancer? | strep bovis |
| type of strep viridans that can cause subacute bacterial endocarditis? | strep sanguis |
| what does C. perfringens produce? | alpha toxin |
| gram-positive rods with metachromatic granules? | corynebacterium diphtheriae |
| woolsorter's disease? | bacillus anthracis |
| inhalation of anthrax spores? | flulike symptoms that rapidly progress to fever, pulmonary hemorrhage, and shock |
| gram-positive anaerobe that causes oral/facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracks in skin | actinomyces |
| gram positive, weakly-acid fast aerobe that causes pulmonary infection in immunocomprimised patients | nocardia asteroides |
| sulfur granules | actinomyces |
| gram-positive rods forming long branching filaments resembling fungi | actinomyces & nocardia |
| most invasive disease of H. flu is caused by what capsular type? | B |
| treatment for H. flu meningitis? | ceftriaxone |
| treatment for neisseria gonorrhea? | ceftriaxone - also z pack or doxycycline because 50% will also be infected with chlamydia |
| why don't you want to culture if pt. has epiglottitis? | manipulation cause laryngeal spasm |
| members of enterobacter family (7) | e. coli, salmonella, shigella, klebsiella, enterobacter, serratia, proteus |
| what antigen is related to the virulence of enterobacter? | K antigen |
| all of these ferment glucose and are oxidase negative | enterobacter |
| these bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar | citrobacter, klebsiella, e. coli, enterobacter (CEEK) |
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