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USMLE
New FA Micro 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| all DNA viruses except what are dsDNA? | parvoviridae (part-of-a-virus) |
| all DNA viruses are linear except what? | papovaviruses (circular, supercoiled), hepadnaviruses (circular, incomplete) |
| name 3 naked RNA viruses? | calcivirus, picornavirus, reovirus (naked CPR) |
| this type of virus acquires envelopes from the nuclear membrane | herpesvirus |
| most enveloped viruses aquire their envelope from where? | from plasma membrane when they exit from cell |
| all viruses are haploid except what? | retroviruses, which have 2 identical ssRNA molecules (diploid) |
| all DNA viruses replicate where? what is the exception? | nucleus - except poxvirus |
| all RNA viruses replicate where? what are the exceptions? | cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses |
| name the DNA viruses | HHAPPPy viruses: hepadna, herpes, adeno, pox, parvo, papova |
| this DNA virus carries its own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase | poxvirus |
| all DNA viruses are icosahedral except what? | pox (complex) |
| naked DNA viruses (3) | PAP: parvo, adeno, papova |
| enveloped DNA viruses (3) | HPH: hepadna, pox, herpes |
| what is the largest DNA virus? | poxvirus |
| virus causing febrile pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis | adenovirus |
| virus causing aplastic crises in sickle cell disease, fifth disease, hydrops fetalis? | parvovirus |
| what is the smallest DNA virus? | parvovirus (ss linear) |
| HBV is a member of what virus family? | hepadnavirus - DNA, partial circular |
| members of the picornavirus family? | "PERCH:" poliovirus, echovirus, rhinovirus, coxackievirus, HAV |
| HEV and Norwalk virus belong to what family? | calciviruses - RNA (ss, linear), icosahedral |
| virus causing roseola (exanthem subitum) | HHV-6 |
| virus related to Kaposi's sarcoma? | HHV-8 |
| what type of virus is JC - causes PML in HIV | papovavirus |
| type of virus causing Colorado tick fever? | reovirus |
| number one cause of fatal diarrhea in kids? | rotavirus |
| togaviruses (3)? | rubella, EEE, WEE |
| flaviviruses (5)? | HCV, yellow fever, dengue, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile virus |
| to what family does influenza virus belong? | orthomyxovirus |
| paramyxoviruses (4) | PaRaMyxovirus: parainfluenza (croup), RSV, measles, mumps |
| Rx for RSV bronchiolitis in kids? | ribavirin |
| what type of virus is rabies? | rhabdovirus |
| what type of virus is HDV? | deltavirus |
| MMR, Sabin polio, VZV, yellow fever, smallpox, and adenovirus have what type of vaccine? | live attenuated |
| rabies, infulenza, HAV, and Salk polio are what type of vaccine? | killed |
| egg-based vaccines? | "FRY an egg:" flu, MMR, Yellow fever |
| the vaccine for what is recombinant? | HBV- antigen is recombinant HBsAg |
| exchange of genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology | recombination |
| when viruses with segmented genomoes (e.g. influenza) exchange segments. high-frequency virus recombination; cause of worldwide pandemics | reassortment |
| when 1 of 2 viruses that infect the cell has a mutation that results in a nonfunctional protein; the nonmutated virus complemetns the mutated one by making a functional protein that serves both viruses | complementation |
| genome of virus A can be coated with the surface proteins of virus B; type B protein coat determines the infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus; however, the progeny from this infection has a type A coat and is encoded by type A genetic material | phenotypic mixing |
| DNA enveloped viruses (3) | herpesvirus, HBV, smallpox |
| DNA nucleocapsid viruses (3) | adenovirus, papillomaviruses, parvovirus |
| influenza virus, parainfluenza, RSV, measles, mumps, rubella, rapies, HTLV, and HIV are what type of RNA viruses? | RNA enveloped viruses |
| enteroviruses (poliovirus, coxsackie virus, echovirus, HAV), rhinovirus, and reovirus are what type of RNA viruses? | RNA nucleocapsid |
| segmented viruses? | all are RNA viruses: "BOAR": bunyaviruses, orhtomyxoviruses, arenaviruses, and reoviruses |
| all paramyxoviruses have 1 serotype except what? | parainfluenza virus - has 4 |
| parainfluenza, mumps, measles, and RSV all belong to what family? | paramyxoviruses |
| parotitis, orchitis, and aseptic meningitis? | mumps |
| bluish-gray spots on buccal mucosa? | Koplik spots - diagnostic for measles |
| drugs for influenza A? | amantadine and rimantadine (especially prophylaxis) |
| drugs useful for both influenza A and B? | zanamivir and oseltamivir (neuraminidase inhibitors) |
| virus with a bullet-shaped capsid? | rabies |
| how does rabies travel to CNS? | migrates in a retrograde fashion up axons |
| variant of dengue fever in Southeast Asia? | hemorrhagic shock syndrome |
| caused by flavivirus, an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitos | yellow fever |
| high fever, black vomit, jaundice | yellow fever |
| councilman bodies (acidophilic inclusions) may be seen in liver with this virus | yellow fever |
| virus causing mono with negative monospot? | CMV |
| heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs? | monospot test |
| tzanck test | a smear of opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells - used to assay for HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV |
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Asclepius
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