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ANATOMY

Lecture 1

QuestionAnswer
Define Anatomy study of body structures
Define Physiology Study of body functions
Name and briefly define the fields of anatomy and their subdivisions 1. microscopic -cystology: internal cell structures -histology: study of tissues 2. Macroscopic -surface: visual of internal body struct deep -regional: study of an area of the body -systemic: study of one organ system at a time
Name and define the levels of structural organization from least complex to most complex Chemical (Atom), Cellular (macromolecules), tissue (made up of cells), organ (made up of tissues), organ system (made up of different organs), organism (made of organ systems)
macromolecules 4: carbohydrates,proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
4 primary tissues Epithelial (outer), connective, muscle, nervous (signals contraction)
What is an anatomical landmark? figure
what is directional term? position
Define: midsagittal plane, parasagittal plane, frontal plane, transverse plane
what is cavity confined spaces within the body: seperation, protection, support
types of cavity 1. dorsal (nervous system): cranial, spinal 2 ventral : thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity
thoracic cavity 2 pleural cavity, and a mediastinum. - Mediastinum: area between lungs: pericardial cavity, major vessels to/from heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus
abdominopelvic cavity 1. abdominal cavity: liver, gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, most of large intestinal appendix 2. pelvic cavity: rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organs 3.peritoneum 4.retroperitoneal space: kidneys, ureters, duodenum, ascend n descend colon
Organs in the retroperitoneal space primary organs including the kidneys, bladder, ureter, rectum and uterus. In addition, the inferior vena cava and the aorta are considered primary organs. Secondary structures include the duodenum,
srous membrane double layered membrane lining ventral body cavities that cover organs that lie within cavities. Secretets watery fluid to allow organs glide against each other.
Types of Serous membrane Lungs: pleura Heart: pericardium Peritoneum: abdomen organs:
abdominal organs Stomach, small intestine, large intestine, Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, Kidneys and ureters, Spleen
parietal and visceral membranes parietal: lining cavity walls Visceral: covering organs
Name eleven organ systems and their associated organs 1. Integumentary system 2. skeletal 3. muscular 4. nervous 5. endocrine 6. cardiovascular 7. lymphoid 8. respiratory 9. digestive 10. urinary 11. reproductive
integumentary system protects against environemntal hazards, helps control body temp, provides sensory info
skeletal system provides support, protects soft tissues, stores minerals, hemopoiesis
lymphoid system 1-way system that returns lymph fluid via vessels to the cardiovascular system for eventual elimination of toxic byproducts by end organs, such as the kidney, liver, colon, skin, and lungs.
endocrine system secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system to be carried toward a distant target organ
associated organs for each organ system
Body movements in chapter 8
3 main functions of epithelia . Protection( covers body surfaces) . Absorbs: lines lumina of internal organs . secretion: lines ventral body cavities and associated organs - forms glands
List six special characteristics of epithelium 1. cellularity 2 polarity :apical vs basal surface 3. attachment: basal lamina 2 layers) 4. arrangement into sheets: sheet of cells (simple vs stratified) 5. avascularity 6. high mitotic rate (tissue subject physical stress/injury
2- 3 exampes of structures lined with each epithelium
where is the retroperitoneal space located?
Created by: kimberlylin2010
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