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A&P
The Endocrine System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gland | a cell, tissue or organ that manufactures a substance and secretes it to be used elsewhere in the body |
| Exocrine Glands | (exo=out, crine=secrete) those glands with tubes which carry their secretions from the gland to another organ or to the exterior of the body. example: tears, saliva, sweat, etc. |
| Endocrine glands | (endo=within) ductless glands which produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. |
| Hormones | "chemical messengers" a chemical substance secreted into the bloodstream by the endocrine glands which has a specific effect on the body functions. |
| Steriods | complex substances which are the basic of many hormones |
| Chemical Messengers | Hormones; act on other cells throughout the body |
| Pituitary Gland | embedded in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; secretes the most hormones in the body; "master gland" 1/2 inch in size, looks like a walnut (oval shape) |
| Pineal gland | cone shaped behind the midbrain and 3rd ventricle |
| Thymus gland | in the mediastinum, above the heart |
| Thyroid gland | throat, around the trachea; connected by a band called the isthmus |
| Parathyroid gland | embedded in the posterior aspect of thyroid glands |
| Pancreas | posterior to stomach, epigastric region |
| Adrenal glands | situated on top of each kidney |
| Ovaries | bilateral inguinal region |
| Testes | scrotal sac |
| Medulla | the inner portion of the adrenal glands activated by the sympathetic division of the ANS |
| Cortex | Covering; The outer portion of the adrenal glands |
| "fight or flight" | initial sympathetic nervous system response |
| Epinephrine | the main hormone in the initial stress response |
| Cortisol | the second hormone to help our body survive stress; also known as an anti-inflammatory |
| Cachexia | general ill-health and malnutrition |
| Exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs |
| Gynecomastia | breast development in the make |
| Hirsutism | abnormal hairiness in females |
| Malaise | general sense of being ill |
| Polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| Diabetes Type 2 | Diet and exercise is the first line of treatment |
| Diabetes Type 1 | Insulin is the first line of treatment |
| Diabetes | Diagnosis is determined by a using a Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) |
| Hypoglycemia | Blood sugar less than 70 |
| Cushings disease | is a hypersecretion of Glucocorticoids (Cortisol) found in the adrenal cortex |
| Grave's disease | is a hypersecretion of the Thyroid gland |
| Addison's disease | is a hyposecretion of Glucocorticoids (Cortisol) found in the adrenal cortex |
| Gigantism | is a hypersecretion of the Growth hormone(GH) before puberty found in the Anterior Pituitary |
| Diabetes insipidus | is a hyposecretion of the Postierior Pituitary gland |
| Myxedema | is a hyposecretion of the Thyroid |
| Acromegaly | is a hypersecretion of the Growth hormone(GH) after puberty found in the Anterior Pituitary gland |
| Diabetes mellitus | is a hyposecretion which can be type 1 or type found in the Pancreas |
| Goiter | Enlargement of the thyroid caused by hyper and hypothyroidism, inflammation, and lack of iodine in the diet |
Created by:
sjewitt1
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