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AP Bio Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | The totality of an organism's chemical processes |
| Catabolic Pathways | Release of energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds |
| Anabolic Pathways | Consumption of energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones |
| Bioenergetics | The study of how organisms manage their energy resources |
| Kinetic Energy | The energy of motion |
| Potential Energy | Stored energy with the capacity to do work |
| Thermodynamics | The study of the energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter |
| First Law of Thermodynamics | Energy can be transferred and transformed, but can never be created or destroyed |
| Second Law of Thermodynamics | Every energy transfer or transformation makes the universe more disordered |
| Entropy | A measure of disorder, or randomness |
| Free Energy | The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system |
| Exergonic Reaction | Proceeds with a net release of free energy |
| Endergonic Reaction | Absorbs free energy from it's surroundings |
| Energy Coupling | The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one |
| ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) | Nitrogenous base adenine attached to ribose attached to three phosphate groups |
| Phosphorylated Intermediate | More reactive (less stable) than the original molecule due to the addition of a phosphate group |
| Enzyme | A catalytic protein |
| Catalyst | A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
| Free Energy of Activation (Activation Energy) | The initial investment of energy for starting a reaction |
| Induced Fit | Bringing of chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the chemical reaction |
| Cofactor | Nonprotein helpers for catalytic activity |
| Coenzyme | An organic cofactor |
| Competitive Inhibitors | Reduce the productivity of enzymes by blocking the substrate from entering active sites |
| Noncompetitive Inhibitors | Does not directly compete with the substrate at the active site. Instead, they impede enzymatic reactions by bonding to another part of the enzyme |
| Allosteric Site | A specific receptor site on some part of the molecule remote from the active site |
| Feedback Inhibition | Switching off of a metabolic pathway by its end product, which acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within the pathway |
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