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USMLE
Real Immuno 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Important cell surface proteins and their functions: Helper T cells | 1. CD4 2. TCR 3. CD3 (Signal transduction) 4. CD28 and CD40L (Receive costimulatory activation signal respectively from B7 and CD40 which are both on B cells and professional APCs. These two signaling pathways each upregulate the other.) |
| Important cell surface proteins and their functions: Cytotoxic T cells | 1. CD8 2. TCR 3. CD3 (Signal transduction) |
| Important cell surface proteins and their functions: B cells | 1. IgM 2. MHC II (Presents foreign Ag to Th's) 3. B7 & CD40 (activation signal for CD28 & CD40L respectively on T's) 4. CD19, CD21 (Subunits of co-receptor for BCR complex) 4. CD20 (Target in non-Hodgkins lymphoma of monoclonal ABs like rituximab) |
| Important cell surface proteins and their functions: Macrophages | 1. MHC II (Presents foreign antigens to Th cells) 2. CD14 (Works with toll-like receptor 4 to bind lipopolysaccharide. Also a marker for monocytes) 3. Receptors for Fc and C3b (ie opsonins) |
| Important cell surface proteins and their functions: NK cells | 1. Receptors for MHC I 2. CD16 (subunit of low-affinity Fc receptor [ie. opsonins]) 3. CD56 (adhesion molecule) |
| Important cell surface proteins and their functions: Hematopoietic stem cells | CD34 (marker for this type of cell, and a receptor for CD62L, a selectin) |
| Complement: Viral neutralization | C1, C2, C3, C4 |
| Complement: Opsonization | C3b |
| Complement: Anaphylaxis | C3a, C5a |
| Complement: Neutrophil Chemotaxis | C5a |
| Complement: Membrane attack complex | C5b to C9 |
| Deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor leads to: | Hereditary angioedema (overactive complement) |
| Deficiency of C3 leads to: | Severe recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infections |
| Deficiency of C6 through C8 leads to: | Neisseria bacteremia |
| What is Decay Accelerating Factor? | Prevents attachment of the alternative complement complex (C3 convertase) to the membrane |
| When is Decay Accelerating Factor missing? | In paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |
| What kind of bacteria does complement defend against? | Gram negative bacteria |
| What activates the classic complement pathway? | IgG and IgM. Mnemonic: GM makes classic cars. |
| What activates the alternative complement pathway? | Microbe surface molecules (especially endotoxin) |
| Function of PGI2 | Prostacyclin. Vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. Aspirin does not inhibit its synthesis by endothelial cells. Synthesized from PGH2 by prostacyclin synthase in intact endothelial cells. |
| Function of PGH2 | Synthesizes PGI2 with prostacyclin synthase in intact endothelial cells. Precursor of thromboxanes. Synthesized from PGG2. |
| Function of PGE2 | Vasodilation, pain and fever. Synthesized from PGH2 |
| Function of TxA2 | Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation and bronchoconstriction. Coverted from PGH2 by thromboxane synthase. |
| Function of LTB4 | chemotaxis and activation of neutrophil adhesion molecules |
| Function of LTC4 | Vasoconstriction, increased vessel permeability, bronchoconstriction |
| Function of LTD4 | Vasoconstriction, increased vessel permeability, bronchoconstriction |
| Function of LTE4 | Vasoconstriction, increased vessel permeability, bronchoconstriction |
Created by:
Asclepius
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