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Apologia Bio Mod 8
Definitions for Apologia Biology - Module #8 (2nd Edition)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| true breeding | if an organism has a certain characteristic that is always passed on to its offspring, we say that this organism bred true with respect to that characteristic |
| allele | one pari of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes |
| genotype | two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait |
| phenotype | the observable expression of an organism's genes |
| homozygous genotype | a genotype in which both alleles are identical |
| heterozygous genotype | a genotype with two different alleles |
| dominant allele | an allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype |
| recessive allele | an allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele |
| Mendel's principles of genetics using updated terminology (part 1) | 1. The traits of an organism are determined by its genes. 2. Each organism has two alleles that make up the genotype for a given trait. |
| Mendel's principles of genetics using updated terminology (part 2) | 3. In sexual reproduction, each parent contributes ONLY ONE of its alleles to the offspring. 4. In each genotype, there is a dominant allele. If it exists in an organism, the phenotype is determined by that allele. |
| pedigree | a diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations |
| monohybrid cross | a cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait |
| dihybrid cross | a cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits |
| autosomes | chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual |
| sex chromosomes | chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| antigen | a protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody |
| autosomal inheritance | inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome |
| genetic disease carrier | a person who is heterozygous in a recessive genetic disorder |
| sex-inked inheritance | inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes |
| mutation | a radical chemical change in one or more alleles |
| change in chromosome structure | a situation in which a chromosome loses or gains genes during meiosis |
| change in chromosome number | a situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis lead to either none of a particular chromosome in the gamete or more than one chromosome in the gamete |
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SweetPeaMcD
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