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Micro block 3' b
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Carbohydrate Utilization test | Bacteria uses a carbohydrate to make acid |
| Hydrogen Sulfide test | Hydrogen sulfide + Iron = Hydrogen sulfide formed as black precipitate |
| Rapid manual biochemical system for Identification | different appearance of upper / lower pairs show positive/negative ability of bacteria to use substrate |
| Automated Microscan system | A microscan panel, a plate that has numerous wells. the machine reads the colors in the plate |
| Serological Test | slide agglutination, ELISA, Western blotting. Specificity of Ab can reveal history patients contact with micro-organisms. |
| slide agglutination | In Positive agglutination test, visible clumps are formed by binding Ab to Ag present on cells. In Negative agglutination test, Ab binding cant occur because its specific target isnt present. |
| ELISA ( enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ) | Used for testing Ag-Ab reactivity |
| Types of ELISA | Sandwich ELISA, Indirect ELISA, Competitive ELISA |
| Uses of ELISA | Screening donated blood, Measuring hormone levels, detecting infectious agents, Measuring Rheumatoid factors. |
| Western blotting | Used to detect antibodies against multiple antigens |
| Phage typing | Identification of bacterial species and strains by their phages |
| G+C ratio | Amount of Cytosine and Guanine in cell's DNA. G+C ratio vary from 20% - 80% among prokaryotes DNA with high GC content is more stable than DNA with Low GC Content GC base pairs are more stable than AT base pairs |
| PCR (polymerase chain reaction) | Amplifies a single copy of DNA piece. can be used to detect small amounts of microbial DNA Amplification may be used for DNA fingerprinting, DNA sequencing. |
| Thermus Aquaticus | DNA polymerase (Taq Polymerase) was isolated from it. |
| 3 PCR steps repeated for 30 cycles are | Denaturation at 95 Degree.C. Annealing at 55 Degree.C. Extension at 72 Degree.C. |
| DNA of Prokaryotic genome are | Chromosome and Plasmids |
| Plamids | Gram + or Gram - |
| Fertility Plasmids | carry instructions for conjugation |
| Resistance Plasmids | carry genes for resistance |
| Bacteriocin Plasmid | carry genes for toxins |
| Virulence Plasmids | carry instructions for structures |
| Heritable changes in the genome | Gene transfer and recombination Plasmids Transposons |
| Gene recombination | exchange of DNA segment crossing over occurs during gamete formation |
| Gene Transfer | Vertical gene transfer - transmission of genes from parents to offsprings Horizontal gene transfer - DNA is from donor cell to Recipient Cell = Recombinant Cell Horizontal gene transfer are Transformation, Transduction, and Conjugation |
| Gene transfer / Recombination | Recombination must occur after Gene Transfer |
| Transformation | its from Donor cell -> Cell lysis, DNA fragment release -> DNA enters cell and joins Cell DNA. Transformation is alteration of bacteria cell Phenotype and Genotype |
| Transformation / Frederick Griffith | Griffith used Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Bacteria) to transfer Information through Transformation |
| Transformation / Frederick Griffith | Griffith used 2 types of pneumoniae. Type III-S (smooth), and Type II-R (rough) III-S has a polysaccharide Capsule, its Virulent. |
| Factors affecting Transformation | DNA size, Competence of the Recipient |
| Transduction | Transfer of DNA from one cell to another through a virus |
| Bacteriophage / Phage | virus that infects bacteria |
| Phage T4 and Phage lambda | Infect E.coli |
| Generalized transduction | ANY bacterial gene from the donor can be transferred to the recipient |
| Specialized Transduction | ONLY certain donor gene can be transferred to the recipient |
| Specialized transduction | Important in transferring genes encoding for certain bacteria toxins |
| Conjugation | Direct transfer of genetic material between bacteria cells that are temporarily joined. F+ cells are donors, F- cells are recipient |
| Conjugation | Mediated by conjugation Pili or Sex Pili. Gene coding for Sex Pili is found on F Plasmid Cells that contain F Plasmid are F+ Cells |
| Conjugation | F plasmid enters DNA in cell chromosome these cells are Hfr cells ( High Frequency of recombination ) Hfr cell can conjugate with an F- cell |
| Hfr cell | give copy of their DNA give portion of F plasmid to recipient Recipient remains an F cell, since all plasmid DNA was not transferred |
| Significance | Transfer of multiple antibiotic resistance by conjugation |
Created by:
slinger101
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