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Geomorphology
Glacial & Glacial-Fluviatile
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Conditions for glacier classification | 1) large accumulation of ice and snow; 2) located principally on land; 3) formed by compaction and recrystallization of snow; 4) Evidence of past or present movement; 5) remains from year to year |
| Cirque | a horse-shoe shaped hollow high on a mountainside that was created by the erosive action at the head of a glacier. |
| Tarn | a small deep lake formed in a cirque basin |
| Glacial polish | a smooth surface produced on bedrock by abrasion by the movement of a glacier |
| Striations | lines scraped into the bedrock by rocks being carried along at the base of the glacier. Lines generally indicate the direction of glacier movement. Larger rocks create groves or grooved rock that can be as big as a valley. |
| Glacial Trough | a steep-sided valley that extends down from the cirque in which glacial action has widened and deepened an existing valley. |
| Glacial steps or stairway | a series of cross-valley steps extending down from the cirque, which are characterized by a relatively flat floor or with a slight up-valley slope broken by steeper sections stepping down valley |
| Paternoster lakes | a series or chain of lakes occupying the glacial steps |
| Hanging valley | a U-shaped glacial tributary valley truncated by a deeper U-shaped glacial main valley leaving a valley whose mouth is relatively high on the main valley wall. The discordance is due to the greater erosive power of the main glacier. |
| Arete | a jagged sharp sawtooth-like ridge that results from the growth of cirques on opposite sides of a mountain ridge by alpine glaciation. |
| Col | a narrow sharp-edged pass or sag between cirque head and side walls along an arete. |
| Horn | a jagged shaped peak at the high point in an arete which has been sculpted by the erosional action of three or more cirques. This pyramidal feature is the remainder of the original mountain summit in a region modified by alpine glaciation. |
| Monuments (tinds) | a horn that has been isolated by the lateral intersection of cirques. |
| Truncated or faceted spur | a ridge, which once protruded into a pre-glacial valley, that has been truncated by the abrasion of glacial action as it straightened the valley. This feature characteristically has an inverted V-shaped face. |
| Fjords | a submerged glacial trough or valley at its seaward end resulting from the raising of sea level as the glaciers melted. |
| Fiards | a shallower and shorter, but often broader, feature than the fjord. |
| Trough lakes | similar to fjords in that they consist of a long glacial trough and contain water but are found above sea level. |
Created by:
crhatigan
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