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Biology Chapter 15

Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

TermDefinition
Gene Linkage Genes that are located near each other on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together. Chances of crossing over are greatly reduced and do not obey independent assortment. Ex: red hair and freckles
Sex-Linkage The genes are located near each other on the sex chromosomes. Ex: All X-Linked - color blindness(recessive), hemophilia(recessive), Duchenne muscular dysrtophy
X-Linked Genes The genes are located near each other on the x chromosome
Y-Linked Genes The genes are located near each other on the y chromosome
Autosomal Linkage The genes are located near each other on regular chromosomes
Barr Body Only happens in somatic cells. An inactive X of a normal female that condenses into a compact, dark staining object. Ex: A pattern not the barr body itself: tortoise shell(calico) cats
Nondisjunction Failure of homologous chromosome pairs to separate during Meiosis I or sister chromatids in Meiosis II
Results of Nondisjunction n+1, n+1, n-1, n-1 gametes if nondisjunction of homologous chromosome in Meiosis I. n+1, n-1, n, n gametes if nondisjuction of sister chromatids in Meiosis II
Aneuploidy Having an extra chromosome or missing a chromosome. Two possible scenarios... 1. Monosomic.. 2. Trisomic
Monosomic Missing one, only have one copy of the particular chromosome. 2n - 1 = zygote
Trisomic Having and extra, three copies of a particular chromosome. 2n + 1 = zygote. Ex: Down's Syndrome(Trisomy 21)
Polyploidy Having a full extra set(s) of chromosomes. Plants are often polyploidy. Ex: 3n, 4n, etc.
Alterations in Chromosome Structure/Mutations 1. Deletion.. 2. Duplication.. 3. Inversion.. 4. Translocation
Deletion Chromosome fragment is lost. Missing a piece.
Duplication Having an extra chromosome fragment. Fragment found more than 1x
Inversion A chromosomal fragment detaches and reattaches in reverse orientation
Translocation The transfer of a chromosome fragment to a non-homologous chromosome. Ex: Down's Syndrome, CML(chronic myelogenous leudemia)
Multifactoral Diseases A disease that is caused by a combination of genetics and environment.
Controlled Experiment Means you have a control data point in the experiment that you compare to an experimental data point
Created by: TimBiology1
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