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Oceanography Ch 05
The Chemistry of Seawater
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ion | a positively or negativelly charged atom or group of atoms |
| Cation | positivelly charged ion |
| Anion | negativelly charged ion |
| pH | measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a water solution; the concentration of hydrogen ions determines the acidity of the solution…greater hydrogen, greater acidity |
| Buffer | substance able to neutralize acids and bases, therefore able to maintain a stable pH. |
| Salinity | measure of the quantity of dissolved salts in seawater. It is formally defined as the total amount of dissolved solids in seawater in PPT (‰) |
| Ionic bond | the electrostatic force that holds together oppositely charged ions. |
| Evaporite | deposit of minerals left behind by evaporating water, especially salt. |
| Ion Exchange | strongly adsorbable ions replace weakly adsorbable ions. |
| Salinometer | instrument for determining the salinity of water by measuring the electrical conductivity of a water sample of a known temperature. |
| Photosynthesis | manufacture by plants of organic substances and release of oxygen from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and the green pigment chlorophyll. |
| Oxygen minimum | zone in which respiration and decay reduce dissolved oxygen to a minimum, usually between 800 and 1000 m. |
| Euphotic zone | depth of the water column where there is sufficient sunlight for growth of photosynthetic organisms. |
| Compensation depth | depth at which there is a balance between the oxygen produced by algae through photosynthesis and that consumed through respiration; net oxygen production is zero. |
| biological pump | photosynthetic transfer of carbon as CO2 from the atmosphere to the ocean in the form of organic molecules; carbon is transferred to intermediate and deep-ocean water when organic material sinks and decays. |
| desalination | process of obtaining fresh water from salt water… |
| electrodialysis | separation process in which electrodes of opposite charge are placed on each side of a semipermeable membrane to accelerate the diffusion of ions across the membrane. |
| Osmosis | tendency of water to diffuse through a semipermeable membrane to make the concentration of water on one side of the membrane equal to that on the other side. |
| Semipermiable membrane | membrane that allows some substances to pass through but restricts or prevents the passage of other substances. |
| Reverse osmosis | the process of producing fresh water from seawater by forcing the water molecules through a semipermeable membrane, leaving behind salt ions and other impurities. |
| Refractometer | handheld device used to determine salinity of a water sample by observing refraction of light due to the concentration of salt ions… |
| Aphotic zone | that part of the ocean in which light is insufficient to carry on photosynthesis |
| Units of concentration | concentrations of dissolved salts expressed in terms of parts per thousand…(‰) |
Created by:
Permian
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