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Oceanography Ch 04
Properties of Water
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Covalent bond | one sharing an electron with another atom producing a strong bond…hydrogen and oxygen are produce covalent bonds with each other... |
| Polar molecule | a molecule with an unevenly distributed electrical charge. One end of the molecule has a slight positive charge and the other end has a slight negative charge. |
| Hydrogen bond | in water, the weak attraction between the positively charged hydrogen end of one water molecule and the negatively charged oxygen end of another water molecule. |
| Temperature | measure of the rate of atomic or molecular motion in a substance which produces heat that can be observed… |
| Degree | an arbitrary measure of temperature. Temperature is measured in degrees using one of three different scales: Fahrenheit (°F), Celsius (°C), and Kelvin (K) |
| Heat | a measure of total kinetic energy of atoms and molecules in a substance. |
| Calorie | amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C. |
| Latent Heat of Fusion | ount of heat required to change the state of 1 g of water from ice to liquid. |
| Latent Heat of Vaporization | amount of heat required to change the state of 1 g of water from liquid to gas. |
| Specific heat | ratio of the heat capacity of a substance to the heat capacity of water. |
| Heat capacity | the quantity of heat required to produce a unit change of temperature in a unit mass of material. See also specific heat. |
| Density | property of a substance defined as mass per unit volume and usually expressed in grams per cubic centimeter or kilograms per cubic meter. |
| Cohesion | ular force between particles within a substance that acts to hold the particles together. |
| Surface tension | tendency of a liquid surface to contract owing to bonding forces between molecules. |
| Viscosity | property of a fluid to resist flow; internal friction of a fluid. |
| Conduction | transfer of heat energy through matter by internal molecular motion. |
| Convection | transmission of heat by the movement of a heated gas or liquid; vertical circulation resulting from changes in density of a fluid. |
| Radiation | energy transmitted as electromagnetic rays or waves without the need of a substance to conduct the energy. |
| Electromagnetic Radiation | from low-energy radio waves to high-energy gamma a rays, including visible light. |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | from low-energy radio waves to high-energy gamma a rays, including visible light. |
| Absorption | attraction of ions to a solid surface |
| Attenuation | decrease in the energy of a wave or beam of particles occurring as the distance from the source increases; caused by absorption, scattering, and divergence from a point source. |
| SONAR | method or equipment for determining, by underwater sound, the presence, location, or nature of objects in the sea; derived from the phrase “sound navigation and ranging.” |
| SOFAR Channel | natural sound channel in the oceans in which sound can be transmitted for very long distances; the depth of minimum sound velocity; derived from the phrase “sound fixing and ranging.” |
Created by:
Permian