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USMLE
Rate Limiting Enzymes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Glycolysis | Phosphofructokinase-1 |
| Pyruvate Metabolism | Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex |
| TCA cycle | Isocitrate dehydrogenase |
| Citric acid cycle | Citrate synthase |
| Glycogenesis | Glycogen synthase |
| Glycogenolysis | Glycogen phosphorylase |
| Gluconeogenesis | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase & Fructose 1,6-Biphosphotase |
| Hexose Monophosphate Shunt | Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase |
| Pentose phosphate | Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| Cholesterol synthesis | HMG-CoA reductase |
| Ketone body synthesis | HMG-CoA lyase |
| Fatty acid synthesis | Acetyl CoA carboxylase |
| b oxidation of fatty acids | Carnitine acyl transferase [CPT-1] |
| Lipogenesis | Acetyl-CoA-carboxylase |
| Phospholipid synthesis | Cytidyltransferase |
| Sphingolipid synthesis | 3 ketosphiganine synthase |
| Eicosanoid synthesis | Phospholipase A2 |
| Prostaglandin synthesis | Phospholipase A2 |
| Steroidogenesis | CSCC (27 desmolase) |
| Heme synthesis | Aminolevulinate synthase |
| Bilirubin metabolism | Active transport into bile ducts |
| Bile acid synthesis | Colesterol 7a hydroxylase |
| DNA synthesis | Ribonucleotide reductase |
| Purine synthesis | Glutamine Prp transferase |
| Pyrimidine synthesis | Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II |
| Urea cycle | Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I |
| Lipolysis | Hormone sensitive lipase |
| Fructose metabolism | Aldolase B |
| Galactose metabolism | Galactose 1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase |
| Heme Synthesis | ALA synthase |
| Heme catabolism | UDP glucoronyl transferase |
| Triglyceride synthesis from fatty acids | Glycerol 3-P Dehydrogenase |