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Amb Ortho anesthesia
Clinical exam 2 - Anesthesia for ambulatory ortho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 6 advantages to regional anesthesia are (slide 1-3): | less blood loss, excellent post-op analgesia, more preemptive analgesia, higher pt satisfaction, surgi-centers can avoid GA, little or no postop drowsiness |
| 2 disadvantages to regional anesthesia are (slide 1-3): | the perception that it takes more time to implement block, block failure |
| What is the most common DJD? What percentage of adults suffer from it (slide 2-2)? | Osteoarthritis, 22% |
| What is OA & some intraop concerns (slide 2-2)? | loss of articular cartilage. Pain, loss of ROM, deformity. Concerned abt positioning issues, intraop pain/discomfort |
| What percentage of ppl have rheumatoid arthritis? Which gender does it affect more (side 2-3)? | 1%, women > men |
| What is rheumatoid arthritis (slide 2-3)? | Pain & morning stiffness in mult joints, progressive joint deformity |
| W/ rheumatoid arthritis, what are some airway issues to consider (2 of them) (slide 2-3)? | limited TMJ (temporomandibular joint) & narrow glottic opening: use smaller tube |
| W/ rheumatoid arthritis, what is a cervical spine issue to consider (slide 2-3)? | atlantoaxial instability: Do NOT crank their heads back! |
| W/ rheumatoid arthritis, what are some cardiac issues to consider (2 of them) (slide 2-3)? | pericarditis & tamponade: check cardiac concerns w/ echo |
| W/ rheumatoid arthritis, what is an eye issue to consider (slide 2-3)? | Sjogren's syndrome (consider eye ointment) |
| W/ rheumatoid arthritis, what is a GI issue to consider (slide 2-3)? | ulcers, especially secondary to NSAIDs & ASA (these pts have chronic NSAID & ASA use) |
| W/ rheumatoid arthritis, what are some pulmonary issues or signs & symptoms to consider (5 of them) (slide 2-3)? | interstitial fibrosis, diffusion impairment, possible hypoxemia evidenced by cough, dyspnea, PFTs show restrictive pattern |
| W/ rheumatoid arthritis, what is a renal issue to consider (slide 2-3)? | renal insufficiency secondary to NSAIDs (these pts have chronic NSAID & ASA use) |
| What are the 3 drug classes that can be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (slide 3-1)? | disease modifying drugs (methotrexate, remicade, enbrel), NSAIDs, and glucocorticoids |
| What is a side effect of disease modifying drugs (slide 3-1)? | increased risk of infection |
| What are 3 side effects of NSAIDs (slide 3-1)? | bleeding, ulcers, renal insufficiency |
| What are 4 side effects of glucocorticoids? If pt is on high doses what should they be given intraop (slide 3-1)? | osteoporosis, cataracts, cushingoid symptoms, & hyperglycemia. If pt is on high doses they should be "stress dosed" w/ hydrocortisone (solu-cortef) 100 mg |
| How can postdural puncture headache be avoided (slide 3-2)? | pencil point, small gauge |
| For knee arthroscopy, what is the dose & duration of isobaric mepivacaine (slide 3-2)? | 45 mg, block lasts 142 min |
| For knee arthroscopy, what is the dose & duration of chloroprocaine (slide 3-2)? | 30 - 40 mg, block lasts 155 min |
| For knee arthroscopy, what is the dose & duration of bupivacaine (slide 3-2)? | 5 - 7.5 mg, block lasts 180 min |
| What is transient neurologic symptoms? What is the incidence, onset & duration (slide 3-2)? | pain in butt & legs; occurs more w/ spinal lidocaine. Incidence = 1 - 14%. Onset = 1 day. Duration = 2 - 5 days |
| What is an issue with a femoral nerve block (slide 3-2)? | persistent quad weakness |
| Tourniquets are used primarily to _____. Width should be ____. Max safe pressure should be ____ for the arm & ____ for the leg (slide 3-3) | Used to minimize blood loss. Width should be >50% diameter of the limb. Max safe pressure: 50 mmHg over max systolic for arm, 100 mmHg over max systolic for leg |
| Risk of tourniquet is (slide 3-3) _____ | ischemic damage to underlying nerve & muscle |
| 4 s/s of tourniquet pain are (slide 3-3): | dull, aching, restlessness, & BP trends up |
| What may occur after tourniquet deflation & how is it treated (slide 3-3)? | Transient metabolic acidosis & high CO2 levels. Increase minute ventilation. D/t vasodilation BP may also drop |
| Ankle block consists of 5 discrete nerves around the ankle. Which ones are terminal branches of the sciatic nerve? Which ones are terminal branches of the femoral nerve (slide 4-1)? | terminal branches of sciatic nerve = posterior tibial (plantar surface), deep peroneal (interspace between 1st & 2nd toe), superficial peroneal (dorsum of foot), & sural (back of & plantar surface of foot) |
| Ankle block consists of 5 discrete nerves around the ankle. Which ones are terminal branches of the femoral nerve (slide 4-1)? | terminal branch of femoral nerve = saphenous (medial malleolus) |
| The brachial plexus extends from ____ (slide 4-3) | C5 - T1 |
| The only time you can do a brachial plexus block for shoulder surgery is to do _____ block (slide 4-3) | interscalene block (the others are too distal) |
| ** In brachial plexus block the axillary approach misses the _____; must be ____ if a tourniquet is used on the upper arm (5-1) | misses the intercostobrachial nerve (T2). Must be infiltrated SQ (field block) |
| Which blocks have a high risk of pneumothorax (slide 5-1)? | Supraclavicular and infraclavicular blocks |
| Interscalene approach is best for ____ but doesn't reliably block ________ (slide 5-1) | best for shoulders; does not reliably block hand or wrist |
| What is a risk of interscalene block (slide 5-2)? | can block half of the diaphragm |
| Types of ortho cases typically done is ambulatory surgery are (there are 7)(slide 1-2): | carpal tunnel release, finger/toe arthroplasty, digit amputations, repair lacerations, bunions & other podiatry, closed limb reductions/casting, shoulder & knee arthroscopies |
Created by:
Thommy413
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