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#4

Elsakka/Chapter 2/Earthquakes NOTES

QuestionAnswer
Define earthquake. shaking that results from the movement of rock
Define stress. a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
When there is stress on a rock, what happens to energy? energy is added to the rock and the energy is not released until the rock breaks
Define focus. the point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks and causes an earthquake
Define epicenter. the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus
What is the main difference between the focus and epicenter? the focus is INSIDE the earth and the epicenter is at the CRUST
Define seismic waves. waves created by earthquakes, they carry the energy that is released
How does the energy of an earthquake travel? away from the focus and toward's earth's crust
What are P waves? waves that are the first to arrive, travel the fastest, and can go through solids and liquids
What are S waves? waves that are the second to arrive, travel slower, and CAN'T move through liquids
What are surface waves? P and S waves that have reached the surface, slowest, cause the most damage
Define seismograph. an instrument that records the GROUND MOVEMENTS caused by seismic waves
What is the Richter scale? a scale used to measure earthquakes, numbered from 1-10, 1 = least powerful, 10 = most powerful
Define tsunami. a giant wave that forms from an earthquake in water
What happens to tsunami waves as they get closer to shore? they get bigger
What can be done to household objects in order to make a home safer? you can bolt objects to the floor or walls of the house
The main danger to people during an earthquake is from falling objects and flying glass. What is the best way to protect yourself from this? drop, cover, and hold
The San Andreas Fault is at what type of plate boundary? transform
Which 2 plates are involved in the San Andreas Fault? the Pacific plate and the North American plate
In which direction is the Pacific plate moving? northwest
Created by: nagla929
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